Budapest 2014: the pearl of the Danube

We continue our Central European tour with a visit to our last destination, Budapest. The capital of Hungary.

July 21st

After picking up our things at the hotel in Vienna, we headed for the Wien Meidling train station.

At around 16.30, almost half an hour late, our train arrived. The platform was packed to the rafters. So we were the last fool.

The train was very crowded and unnumbered, but we found two seats next to each other and sat down. We took off our shoes and I fell slightly asleep.

About half an hour later, I was woken up by a girl, we were in her seat. WTF?! if they are unnumbered… well, no. There was a (more expensive) option of numbered seats and we had sat in one of the reserved carriages. So, off we went, to pick up the beach bar, and to another carriage. We got a seat, but one at each end of the carriage.

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Almost 3 hours after leaving Vienna, we arrived at Budapest-Keleti station. It was very beautiful, opened in 1884 and built in an eclectic architectural style.

There we decided to exchange a few euros for guilders. We didn’t have any, just in case. Now, as always, changing money in stations-airports is a pain in the ass, so we changed just enough.

It was about a 15 minute walk to the hotel. We chose the Novotel Budapest Centrum, a nice 4 star hotel for 58€ a night.

hotels in Budapest

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We took a short walk and went back to the hotel to eat what we had left over from lunch and rest to get up early the next day.

July 22nd

We got up early and first went to look for a place to buy some breakfast. We bought a coffee to take away and some pastries in a bakery near the hotel.

The next thing we did was to exchange more euros for guilders. We did this at a place on Rákóczi Avenue itself, at number 10, where we got a very good exchange rate.

With fresh guilders we went to the metro. There we got a 72-hour metro pass for 4,150 guilders (about 11€). To use it, all you had to do was show it to some guards on the escalators, who looked at the pass without really paying much attention to it.

We got on line 2 (Red) to the Deák Ferenc tér stop. From there we walked about 5 minutes to Szent István Bazilika, St. Stephen’s Basilica.

St. Stephen’s Basilica is the co-cathedral of the Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest. It was built between 1851 and 1906 in neo-Renaissance style. It is named after the Hungarian founding king, St. Stephen, whose right hand, the Holy Right, is preserved here as a relic.

With a height of 96 metres, the building is one of the tallest in the country.

Szent István Bazilika, St. Stephen's Basilica Budapest

Admission is ‘free’, but there is a suggested donation of 200 guilders (€0.56) or, if you prefer to leave it in euros, €2. Such fantastic change is often found all over the city, for example in the souvenir shop at the opera.

After visiting the basilica, we strolled around the area until we reached the spectacular Hungarian Parliament building (Országház). We visited it from the outside as we had a 16.00 entrance.

We went for an early lunch so that we could be at the Parliament on time. We ate at a place I had found on the net called Frici Papa kifőzdéje. A very cheap place with homemade food (and with a menu in Spanish). We were really surprised.

Highly recommended. We ate for less than 10€ for both of us. We would eat lunch or dinner there almost every day. It’s cheap but be sure to bring cash because they don’t accept credit cards.

With our bellies full we went back to the Parliament to visit it.

Hungarian Parliament building (Országház)

The Hungarian Parliament (Országház) is one of the most famous public buildings in Budapest. It is the seat of the Hungarian Parliament and some of its institutions (such as the Library of Parliament).

Built between 1885 and 1904 in neo-gothic and eclectic styles, its design is completely symmetrical. The building was constructed for a bicameral parliament. The north wing houses the upper chamber and the south wing the lower chamber. The two chambers are an exact reflection of each other.

Today, the lower chamber hall is used for parliamentary sessions.

The upper chamber hall is open to tourists and hosts factional meetings, conferences and receptions.

Interestingly, the carpet in the lower chamber hall was red and in the upper chamber it was blue, as the members of the upper chamber were traditionally nobles, and were thought to have blue blood.

Tickets cost 2,000 guilders (€5.70) and are best bought online at least a month in advance. It’s packed to the rafters and the ticket office area is packed to the rafters.

Tours are guided and you can choose from a multitude of languages, including Spanish.

Hungarian Parliament (Országház)

The visit is a must-do in Budapest and you won’t regret it. The outside of the building is spectacular, but the inside takes your breath away. Straight away.

What to do in Budapest

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After visiting the Parliament, we went up to the top of Buda for a visit I was really looking forward to: Budavári Labirintus, the castle labyrinth.

The Buda Castle Labyrinth was created by the action of hot spring water on the limestone rock of the castle hill. It consists of caves, cellars, cells and springs stretching over a length of more than 1,200 metres.

It contains exhibitions from the time when Transylvania was part of Hungary and a specific section on Vlad Tepes, Count Dracula. From 18.00 onwards, the lights go out. With a small lantern you can walk through the labyrinth in a gloomy atmosphere, with fog and a kind of funeral melody.

I’m not at all afraid, but the truth is that they create a gloomy atmosphere that makes you feel quite creepy. I loved it.

The entrance costs 2,000 guilders (5.70€).

When we left the labyrinth, a bit tired, we went to look for a place to have dinner. We went to a place just opposite the hotel, a restaurant called Montenegroi Gurman. A Montenegrin restaurant that was very tasty and quite cheap. About 10€ for two courses and two drinks.

After dinner we went to rest.

July 23rd

We got up early and went straight to the central market (Központi Vásárcsarnok) to visit it and have breakfast there.

Központi Vásárcsarnok

It was built in 1897 according to the plans of architect Samu Pecz, a professor at the Technical University.

It is one of the most beautiful works of brick architecture of Hungarian historicism. The stone entrance doors have neo-Gothic characteristics. The roof is covered with coloured ceramics from the Zsolnay factory in Pécs.

Apart from the beautiful façade, there is nothing else of note. There are a lot of tourist-oriented food stalls on the upper floor, which are really expensive. Not expensive in comparison with the restaurants in the city, no, they are really expensive.

We left the touristy central market by the Freedom Bridge (Szabadság híd). It was built between 1894 and 1896 in the name of Franz Joseph I. It was destroyed by the Germans on the 16th.

It was destroyed by the Germans on 16 January 1945 during World War II. But it was rebuilt within a year and a half and reopened in August 1946 under its present name.

Budapest

Cross the bridge and take tram 19 to the Clark Ádam tér stop. Nearby is the funicular railway that takes us up to Buda Castle.

The funicular was inaugurated in 1870, being the second funicular in Europe. It was destroyed during the Second World War but was rebuilt true to the original model and reopened in 1986.

The ticket costs 1,100 guilders (€3) and from the cabin you have a beautiful view of the Pest side of the city.

The views as you get off the funicular are quite spectacular. A few photos and we went to the castle.

Budapest

Buda Castle (Budai Vár), built in Gothic style between the mid-14th and 15th centuries. It was the Royal Palace of Hungary.

From 1541, during the Turkish occupation, the condition of the palace began to deteriorate. During the siege and recovery of 1686, very serious damage was caused to the castle and the buildings of the Castle District.

Budapest

Today, the castle houses the Széchényi National Library (since 1985), as well as the Hungarian National Gallery and the Budapest History Museum.

A 15-minute walk away we find, first, the Church of St. Matthias (Mátyás Templom), which we will visit later. And one of the highlights of Budapest: the Fisherman’s Bastion (Halászbástya).

Budapest

The Fisherman’s Bastion is one of Budapest’s most famous landmarks. Located in the grounds of Buda Castle, it stretches 140 metres along the Danube.

Its 7 neo-Romanesque turrets offer incredible views of the Danube and the Pest side. Although it may not look like it, it is a fairly recent construction dating back to 1895.

After admiring the incredible views we decided to visit the Church of St. Matthias (Mátyás Templom). Its official name is the Church of the Assumption in Buda. It is a neo-gothic catholic church founded by St. Stephen in 1015, but there are no surviving texts that indicate this. There are texts indicating that it was founded in 1255.

Church of St. Matthias (Mátyás Templom) Budapest

During the siege of Budapest during World War II, the building was severely damaged. The building was rebuilt between 1950 and 1970, and in 1984 the reconstruction of the great organ was completed.

Admission costs 1,200 guilders (€3.40) and can be purchased at a ticket office in front of the church.

The interior of the church is spectacular and is one of the must-see sights in Budapest.

Budapest

After a leisurely visit to the temple, we took another stroll through the citadel. We strolled down to the banks of the Danube.

We had lunch at the Frici Papa kifőzdéje and then we went to enjoy the best thing Budapest has to offer: the thermal baths.

We chose the most famous baths, Széchenyi Gyógyfürdő és Uszoda. Opened in 1913, it is the largest public bath in Budapest.

It is built in neo-baroque style and the truth is that the complex is beautiful and very stately. It has 3 outdoor pools and 15 indoor pools with water of different temperatures.

Budapest

The entrance fee is 4,100 guilders (11.40€). You can also rent a swimming costume and towels in case you don’t have one. We rented towels and they cost 700 guilders (2€). They also have different massage services that can be hired separately.

The truth is that it is wonderful and leaves your body feeling like new. I really want to go back but in winter. Being in those outdoor pools while it snows has to be spectacular.

After relaxing, we took a short walk through the park and sat down on a little terrace to have a drink. The drink was a palinka, a traditional liqueur made from various fruits such as plum, pear, apricot or peach.

I chose peach, and as the waiter said, you don’t drink it on its own, it has to be accompanied by a good mug of beer. So, I ordered both.

I don’t know how hard the palinka is, but between the shot and the mug of beer, I had a cake that doubled in size.

Palinka Budapest

Being a bit drunk, we went for a light dinner to sober me up and went to bed to rest.

July 24th

We got up early for a change and hit the streets for breakfast on our way to the Budapest Opera House.

The Hungarian National Opera (Magyar Állami Operaház) is one of the most important 19th century monuments in Budapest. It was built in neo-Renaissance style according to the plans of Miklós Ybl between 1875 and 1884.

Fortunately, the building was not seriously damaged during World War II, so it was quickly repaired.

Hungarian National Opera (Magyar Állami Operaház)

The interior of the opera house can be visited by guided tours in several languages, including Spanish. The Spanish tours are at 15.00 and 16.00 and last about an hour and a half.

We bought our tickets for 2,800 guilders (7.95€) for 16.00 and went with the music elsewhere.

As it was early, we decided to visit the House of Terror (Terror Háza). Despite the name, it is not a fairground attraction. It is a museum containing exhibitions related to the fascist and communist dictatorial regimes in Hungary in the 20th century. It is also a memorial to their victims, including those detained, interrogated, tortured or executed in this building.

House of Terror (Terror Háza)

The entrance fee is 2,000 guilders (5.70€) plus 1,500 guilders for the audio guide (4.30€). With it you can visit both the permanent and temporary exhibitions, although the temporary exhibition is free of charge.

The truth is that the name of the museum does it justice, as what you can learn here is truly horrifying. Human beings can be very cruel and we never learn. By the way, you can’t take pictures inside, so I don’t have any to post.

After the museum visit, we went for lunch at the nearby Frici Papa kifőzdéje (of course) and from here we went to the Hungarian National Opera for the tour.

The interior of the opera house is truly spectacular, with nothing to envy to its sister in Vienna, although it is much smaller.

Hungarian National Opera (Magyar Állami Operaház)
Hungarian National Opera (Magyar Állami Operaház)

After leaving the opera, we got on the metro and went to Heroes’ Square (Hősök tere). It is located at the end of Andrássy Avenue and is the most important square in the city.

The square was opened in 1896 to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of the founding of the country. It is the site of the millennium monument with statues of the seven Magyar kings who founded the city and, in the centre, the Archangel Gabriel.

Heroes' Square (Hősök tere)

In 1929, the memorial to the fallen soldiers of World War I was installed, and from 1932, it was renamed Heroes’ Square.

The square is flanked by two monumental buildings, the Museum of Fine Arts (Szépművészeti Múzeum) and the Mücsarnok Art Gallery.

The Museum of Fine Arts (Szépművészeti Múzeum) was built between 1900 and 1906 in the Neo-Renaissance and Neo-Classical style according to the plans of Albert Schickedanz and Ferenc Herzog Fülöp.

The Mücsarnok Art Gallery was built between 1895 and 1896 in neoclassical style by the same architects as the Museum of Fine Arts, Albert Schickedanz and Ferenc Herzog Fülöp. It is the largest exhibition hall in Budapest.

Museum of Fine Arts (Szépművészeti Múzeum)
Mücsarnok Art Gallery

The ensemble of the square and the two museums were proclaimed a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2002.

From Heroes’ Square we approach the Vajdahunyad Castle (Vajdahunyad vára). It was built between 1904 and 1908 in Renaissance and Baroque styles. It is a replica of Hunyad Castle in Hunedoara (Romania). Today it houses the Hungarian Agricultural Museum.

Vajdahunyad Castle (Vajdahunyad vára)

The castle is located in the Városliget park, where the Széchenyi baths we visited the day before are located. This time we went to see the spectacular main façade (we entered the baths from the back).

Széchenyi baths

After a nice walk through the park we returned to the metro at Heroes’ Square. We went to the banks of the Danube River for a pleasant evening stroll admiring the imposing Parliament building and the gigantic flocks of bats flying around it.

From the banks of the Pest side, you can see incredible images of the illuminated Buda monuments. It’s a great sight.

Budapest
Budapest

After this, we had a light dinner and rested until the next day.

July 25th

Of course, we got up early to make the most of our last day in Budapest. We went on our way to the cathedral to contemplate the outside quietly, as it was raining the first day and it was quite uncomfortable.

From here we went for a walk to the Great Synagogue (Dohány utcai Zsinagóga). It was built between 1854 and 1859 in Moorish style by the architect Ludwig Förster and is the largest synagogue in Europe and the second largest in the world (after the one in Jerusalem).

Budapest Great Synagogue (Dohány utcai Zsinagóga)

Between 1929 and 1932, the entire area around the synagogue was renovated and the present-day Jewish Museum (Magyar Zsidó Múzeum és Levéltár) and the Church of Heroes, which preserves the memory of the Jewish heroes of World War I, were erected.

Budapest

During World War II, the Nazis turned the area around the synagogue into a Jewish ghetto, which later became a concentration camp. Thousands of Jews were sent from here to extermination camps.

More than 2,000 people died here and were buried in the gardens of the Great Synagogue. Many graves are still preserved today.

In 1991, a monument in the form of a weeping willow tree known as the Tree of Life was installed, with the name of a Jewish person killed during the Holocaust on each leaf.

Budapest

To enter, you have to go through a very strict security check. Men are provided with a kippah, which is obligatory, and women are required to cover their shoulders and legs. My partner was given a scarf for his shoulders, as he was wearing his shoulders uncovered.

The entrance fee is 2,600 guilders (7.40€) and it is one of the must-see sights of Budapest.

The free visit can take about an hour.

After this visit, we took the tram to Szent Gellért tér station, on the other side of the river. We were going to visit one of the most curious churches we have ever seen: the Rupestrian Church.

The Cave Church (Gellérthegyi Barlang) is part of a network of caves inside the Gellért hill. The cave is also known as ‘St. Ivan’s Cave’ (Szent Iván-barlang), after a hermit who lived there and is believed to have used the natural thermal water from a muddy lake next to the cave to cure the sick.

‘St. Ivan's Cave’ (Szent Iván-barlang)

After its consecration in 1926, it served as a chapel and monastery until 1951. During this time, it also served as a field hospital for the Nazi German army during World War II.

After the liberation of the country by the Soviet army, the church continued its religious activities until 1951, when the country’s government decided to close it in a crusade against religious beliefs. The monks were imprisoned and the superior sentenced to death.

After the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, the church was reopened and restored in 1992. Today the monks continue to perform religious functions, but the cave has also become a tourist attraction.

Budapest

The entrance fee is 500 guilders (1.40€) and it is a very, very interesting visit. At the exit there is a statue of King St. Stephen and a good view of the Szabadsag Bridge.

After leaving the Rock Church, we went for a nice walk along the riverbank to the Chain Bridge (Széchenyi Lánchíd).

The Chain Bridge was designed by the English engineer William Tierney Clark and built by the Scottish engineer Adam Clark. It was the first permanent bridge over the Danube in Hungary and was opened in 1849.

We cross the bridge and set off in the direction of the Parliament.

About halfway across the bridge, we come to a striking monument, the Shoes on the Bank of the Danube (Cipők a Duna-parton). It was unveiled in 2005 and was created to honour the memory of Jews who were murdered by fascist militiamen of the Arrow Cross party during World War II.

They were ordered to take off their shoes and shot at the water’s edge so that their bodies fell into the river and were taken away. It depicts their shoes left on the shore.

Shoes on the Bank of the Danube (Cipők a Duna-parton)

From here, we took a look at the monumental Buda bank of the Danube and took lots of pictures.

It was already lunchtime, so this time we went to a local fried chicken chain for a change.

After lunch we went back to the banks of the Danube for a sightseeing cruise.

The cruise cost us 5,980 guilders in total (17€) for two passengers and two audio guides (in English).

Danube River Cruise Budapest

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The cruise takes you on a fairly long tour while telling you about the history of the city and the river. Very interesting.

At the end of the tour, we decided to go up to admire the sunset views from the Fisherman’s Bastion for the last time.

We prolonged the walk as long as possible, sad that we would have to return to Spain the following morning.

We went back to dinner… guess where… Award! to Frici Papa kifőzdéje.

July 26th

We got up around 6.30 am and went to the metro station, we got on line 2 to Deák Ferenc tér station. We transferred to line 3 to Kőbánya-Kispest station and then took bus 200E to the airport. The whole journey took just under an hour.

At the airport, Ryanair flights depart from terminal 2B. Our surprise was that, when we were called to board, they made us go outside the terminal to a kind of hut with an uralite roof where we had to queue in terrible heat without air conditioning. We imagine it will be freezing cold there in winter.

Around 10.30 the relatively punctual flight left for Barajas airport, where we arrived around 14.00.

What to do in Budapest

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Catalonia / Catalunya

Catalonia or Catalunya is one of the 17 Autonomous Communities that make up Spain and is made up of four provinces. These are Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona. Its capital and most populated city is Barcelona.

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Barcelona

What to do in Barcelona
Catalonia

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Barcelona: what to see and do in 2 days

Visiting Barcelona and not sure where to start? Don’t worry. Here are some things to see and do in the capital of Catalonia.

Hotels in Barcelona
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01. Sagrada Familia

The Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família is a Catholic church in the Catalan modernist neo-Gothic style. Construction began in 1882 and is still unfinished.

Its architect was Antoni Gaudí, who supervised the work until his death in 1926. Gaudí was buried in the chapel of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in the crypt.

It was declared a minor basilica by Pope Benedict XVI during his visit to the city on 7 November 2010. It is the most visited monument in Spain with almost 5 million visitors in 2023.

Sagrada familia

How to get there: Sagrada Familia metro station, lines 2 and 5.

Opening hours: Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 20:00 // Saturdays from 9:00 to 18:00 // Sundays from 10:30 to 20:00.

Price: Basilica €26 // Basilica and towers: €36 // Basilica guided tour: €30 // Basilica and guided towers: €40.

More information on the official website.

Sagrada Familia
Sagrada familia guided tour

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02. Parc Güell

Park Güell is a garden with architectural elements in the Catalan Art Nouveau style designed by Antoni Gaudí.

It was built between 1900 and 1914 and inaugurated in 1926 as a public park. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.

How to get there: Lesseps metro station, line 3 and walk for 15 minutes // Travessera de Dalt stop, lines H6 and D40. Walk for about 10 minutes.

Opening times: daily from 9.30am to 7.30pm.

Price: general admission: €10 // Children 7-12 and over 65s: €7 // Under 6s: free.

More information on the official website.

Park Güell guided tour

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03. Passeig de Gràcia

Passeig de Gràcia is one of Barcelona’s main avenues and one of its most important shopping areas.

Here you will find some of the most outstanding Catalan modernist buildings in the city. Such as La Pedrera and Casa Batlló.

It was a rural road flanked by orchards and was the main route from Barcelona to the town of Gracia. In 1821 it was decided to urbanise the road and it was inaugurated in 1827. It soon became a favourite strolling spot for Barcelona’s aristocracy.

Today it is Barcelona’s golden mile, where we can find some of the shops of international luxury brands.

04. La Pedrera – Casa Milà

Casa Milà, also known as La Pedrera, is a modernist building designed by Antoni Gaudí. It is located on the corner of Passeig de Gràcia and Carrer de Provença and was built between 1906 and 1912.

In 1984 it was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and since 2013 it has been the headquarters of the Catalunya-La Pedrera Foundation.

How to get there: Diagonal metro station, lines 3 and 5.

Opening times: during the day: 9am-6.30pm // at night: 7pm-11pm.

Price: general 28€ // 12 to 17 years old: 12,50€ // Under 12s: free // Over 65s, disabled and students: 19€ // Tickets at the ticket office cost 2€ extra.

La pedrera
La Pedrera
La pedrera casa mila tickets

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05. Casa Batlló

This is another modernista building located on Passeig de Gràcia. It was commissioned by the textile businessman Josep Batlló i Casanovas from the architect Antoni Gaudí.

It was built between 1904 and 1907 and was declared a World Heritage Site in 2005.

Since 2002 it has been possible to visit its interior, where you can contemplate its exquisite interior. All except the upper floors are inhabited or occupied by the offices of the company that runs it.

Casa Batlló
Casa Batlló

How to get there: Passeig de Gràcia metro station, lines 3 and 4.

Opening times: daily from 9am to 10pm (last admission at 9.15pm // ticket office until 9pm).

Price: general: 29€ // from 13 to 17 years old: 23€ // children under 12: free // over 65: 26€ // Residents in Spain 2×1.

More information on the official website.

06. Plaça Catalunya

It was built in 1889 to connect the Eixample with the old part of Barcelona. It was a place full of cafés and restaurants, an important meeting point for literary and political debates.

Today it hosts public events, concerts and various civic gatherings.

07. Rambla de Barcelona

La Rambla is an emblematic promenade in Barcelona that runs between Plaça de Catalunya and Port Vell. Here you will find many interesting spots such as its classic newsagents and flower stalls.

Rambla de Barcelona

08. La Boqueria Market

The Mercat de Sant Josep (Saint Joseph’s Market), currently the market of La Boqueria, is the second largest market in Catalonia with more than 300 stalls.

It has its origins in the open-air market that used to be held on the esplanade in front of the Boqueria portal.

In 1586, the Discalced Carmelites founded a convent on the Rambla. On St. James’ Day in 1835, it was burnt down during a demonstration, along with the rest of those on the Rambla.

A square with large columns surrounded by porches was built on the site to temporarily move the market there. It was finally decided to leave it permanently and in 1840 the roof was built.

La Boquería

How to get there: Liceu metro station, line 3.

Opening times: Monday to Saturday from 8:00 to 20:30. Closed on Sunday.

09. Gran Teatre del Liceu

The Gran Teatre del Liceu, popularly known as the Liceu, is an opera house located on the Rambla in Barcelona. It was inaugurated in 1847 and for the next 100 years it was the largest in Europe.

The architect in charge was Miquel Garriga i Roca and its inauguration consisted of a mixed programme that included music, theatre, song and dance.

The Liceu originally occupied the site of the former convent of the Trinitarians on the corner of La Rambla and Carrer de Sant Pau.

How to get there: Liceu metro station, line 3.

Gran teatre de Liceu

10. Barri Gòtic (Gothic Quarter)

The Barri Gòtic is one of the four neighbourhoods that make up the Ciutat Vella district and is the oldest area of Barcelona.

In turn, it is made up of seven historic quarters, those that were inside the Roman wall and those on the outside.

  • Inside: the Cathedral quarter, the Call and Sant Felip Neri neighbourhoods, the Sant Just neighbourhood and the Palau neighbourhood.
  • Outside: the Pi neighbourhood, Santa Anna neighbourhood and La Mercè neighbourhood.

11. Pont del Bisbe

This is probably one of the best-known elements of the Barri Gòtic. Although we might think it is very old, it is actually an addition from 1928. It was designed by the architect Joan Rubió i Bellver, a disciple of Antoni Gaudí.

Pont del Bisbe

One of the elements that arouses most curiosity is the skull pierced by a dagger on its roof. It is the subject of a curious legend. It says that if one day someone were to remove the dagger, all the buildings in Barcelona would collapse.

It is also said that if you pass under the bridge and make a wish while looking at the skull, it will be granted.

Pont del Bisbe

12. Plaça de la Seu

This is the largest square in the Barri Gòtic. Here we can find several remarkable elements, such as the Cathedral and the Casa del Arcediano (Archdeacon’s House).

A small section of the Roman Aqueduct, dating from the 1st century BC, can also be found here. This transported water from the springs of Moncada to the colony of Barcino.

13. Metropolitan Cathedral Basilica of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia

The Cathedral of Santa Creu i Santa Eulàlia is a Gothic basilica, the seat of the archbishopric of Barcelona. It is one of the few churches in the world (and one of the oldest) dedicated to the Holy Cross, dating back to the 7th century.

A Paleochristian church from the 4th century was already here. The remains of its baptistery have been preserved. This church was remodelled before the 9th century and destroyed in 985 by the Al-Mansur raid.

A new Romanesque cathedral was consecrated in the 11th century, thanks to Bishop Guislabert. The Gothic cathedral was built from 1298 during the reign of James II of Aragon, the Just. This work lasted 150 years, no more and no less.

The neo-Gothic façade is the work of the architect Joan Martorell and was built between 1887 and 1890.

Barcelona

How to get there: Jaume I metro station, line 4.

Opening times: Monday to Friday from 9.30am to 6.30pm // Saturdays and eves of public holidays from 9.30am to 5.15pm // Sundays and public holidays from 2pm to 5pm.

Price: general admission €14 // Children from 3 to 12 years old €6 // Children under 3 years old free.

More information on the official website.

14. Plaça Sant Jaume

Plaça Sant Jaume is the administrative heart of Barcelona. Here we find the seat of the Government of Catalonia and the Barcelona City Council.

During the Second Republic it was officially called Plaça de la República.

The Palau de la Generalitat, formerly the Casa de la Diputació, is the seat of the Catalan government. The original building was part of Barcelona’s Jewish quarter. In reality, however, it consisted of an impractical jumble of buildings.

In the 15th century, the architect Marc Safont was commissioned to completely remodel the building. These were carried out between 1410 and 1425 to give shape to the Gothic palace that still exists today.

Between 1531 and 1537, further extension work was undertaken. The western part was built in Renaissance style, including the Golden Chamber.

At the end of the 16th century, the extension towards Plaça Sant Jaume was approved, demolishing several houses.

Palau de la Generalitat
Palau de la Generalitat

The Barcelona City Hall building dates back to 1369. Although, like the Generalitat building, it has undergone many renovations and extensions.

Barcelona City Hall

15. Montjuic Castle

Montjuic Castle was a military fortress built in 1641. Its current appearance is due to a reconstruction by the military engineer Juan Martín Cermeño in the 18th century.

At the end of the 14th century it became a military prison. This use lasted until 1960, when it was ceded to the city of Barcelona. In 1963 the Military Museum was opened here, which closed its doors in 2009.

If you have a little more time, take a look at our diary Barcelona: a walk around Montjuic (only in spanish, at the moment).

What to do in Barcelona

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Austria

In this post you will find everything you need to know about Austria, including our travel diaries.

Austria

As always, we recommend traveling with good health insurance. IATI is a specialist in travel insurance and, for being our reader, you have a 5% discount.

Officially the Republic of Austria, it is one of the 27 sovereign states that make up the European Union. It has a population of almost 9 million.

It is landlocked but well connected by the Danube River, which runs through much of the country.

Its capital is Vienna and its origins date back to 976, when it was established as part of the Holy Roman Empire.

What to do in Austria

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Vienna / Wien

In this post you will find everything you need to know before travelling to Vienna. How to get there, what to see and where to eat and sleep.

Vienna / Wien

As always, we recommend traveling with good health insurance. IATI is a specialist in travel insurance and, for being our reader, you have a 5% discount.

Vienna (Wien in German) is the capital of the Republic of Austria. It is situated on the banks of the Danube River in the valley of the Vienna Woods, very close to the beginning of the Alps.

With almost 2 million inhabitants, it is one of the oldest capitals in Europe. During the 18th and 19th centuries it was one of the great musical capitals of the world. It was home to some of the greatest composers in history, such as Strauss, Mozart and Beethoven.

What to do

what to do in Vienna / Wienn

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Vienna: 19 places to see

Visiting Vienna and not sure where to start? Don’t worry. Here are some things to see and do in Austria’s capital.

As always, we recommend traveling with good health insurance. IATI is a specialist in travel insurance and, for being our reader, you have a 5% discount.

01. Schloß Schönbrunn

Schloß Schönbrunn was commissioned by Emperor Leopold from the Baroque architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach at the end of the 17th century.

It was originally intended as a hunting lodge for his son Joseph I. It was to become a palatial residence in the course of the 18th century.

Schloß Schönbrunn

The park at Schönbrunn Palace was opened to the public around 1779 and has provided a popular recreational facility for the Viennese population ever since. It stretches 1.2 km from east to west and approximately one kilometre from north to south.

It was placed together with the palace on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1996.

You can visit the palace on your own or with a group guide. We did it on our own and it has the advantage that, when you join a group in a room, you can wait a bit and continue while we could take it more calmly. You don’t have the explanation of the guide but in all the rooms there are explanatory panels with all the information.

Schloß Schönbrunn

There were a lot of people but the good thing was that most of them were in groups. The pity is that it is strictly forbidden to take photographs and it is very controlled.

The truth is that the palace is amazing. They say it is very similar to Versailles but with much less people and more comfortable to visit.

The gardens are just as spectacular as the palace and are immense, with many fountains and sculptures that will take you a very long time to walk through.

At the top end is the Orangerie, which was a greenhouse ordered to be built by the emperor’s widow, Wilhelmina Amalia, along with orange trees that she also had planted.

Orangerie Schloß Schönbrunn

Today there is a café and spectacular views of the gardens and palace.

Main ticket options:

1. Grand Tour: The Grand Tour takes you through the entire piano nobile of the palace: in addition to the private flats of Franz Joseph and Elisabeth, the south-facing reception rooms and the state flats, you can also see the rooms occupied by Maria Theresa.

Price: Adults 29 € / Children 21 €. Duration: 60 min.

2. Imperial Tour: The Imperial Tour takes you through the flats of Franz Joseph and Elisabeth and the south-facing reception rooms overlooking the palace gardens.

Price: Adults 24€ / Children: 17€. Duration: 40 min.

3. State Apartments: As a brief tour highlight, here we can see unique interior ensembles with grand salons and exquisite cabinets, which will give you an impression of the courtly display in Maria Theresa’s time, as well as an insight into the personal tastes of the monarch.

Price: Adults 20€ / Children 13€. Duration: 25 min.

Opening times:

Winter: from 8:30 to 17:00.
Summer: 8:30 to 17:30.

How to get there:

Underground: line U4 to Schönbrunn.
Tram: line 10 and 60 to Schloß Schönbrunn.
Bus: 10 A to Schloß Schönbrunn.

what to do in Vienna

2. Stroll through the gardens of Schloß Belvedere

The Belvedere Palace is a Baroque palace complex commissioned by Prince Eugene of Savoy.

It consists of two palaces. The Lower, built between 1714 and 1716 and the Upper, built between 1721 and 1723.

The Lower Belvedere was built on land acquired by Prince Eugene of Savoy in 1697. Designed by Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt, it was built as a summer palace with extensive gardens.

Schloß Belvedere

The Upper Belvedere was built with the idea of hosting large parties. This is where Eugene of Savoy had his famous art collections and library.

Upper Belvedere

Empress Maria Teresa I acquired the palace after Eugene’s death. She renamed it Belvedere because of the beautiful view of the city from here.

On 15 May 1955 the Austrian State Treaty is signed here. This signifies Austria’s independence after ten years of Allied occupation following World War II.

Today the palaces house the Museum of Austrian Baroque Art, the Museum of Austrian Medieval Art and the Austrian Art Gallery (Österreichische Galerie Belvedere).

How to get there: Schloss Belvedere tram station, lines D and U2Z.

Opening hours: Upper Belvedere from 9.00 to 18.00 / Lower Belbedere from 10.00 to 18.00.

Price:

GeneralUnder 19Students*Over 65s
Upper Belvedere16.70€Free13.40€13.40€
Lower Belvedere14.60€Free10.90€10.90€
Combined24€Free19.90€19.90€
*Under 26 years of age
Belvedere Palace tickets

03. Ringstrasse by tram

The Ringstrasse is the most important avenue in Vienna. It is a large circular boulevard on which we can find most of the architectural jewels of the city.

It was built in 1857 after the destruction of the old medieval city walls.

The best way to get around it is by tram. You can use public transport lines 1 and 2 or the Vienna Ring Tram, which is a tourist tram with 13 stops and multilingual information about the sights.

It runs between 9am and 6pm (7pm in summer) and has various price ranges:

24H Ring Tram: €15 / Under 15s €5. It is valid for 24 hours.
24H Vienna: €14. Valid for the Ring Tram and the entire transport network for 24 hours.
Ring Tram: €8 / Children under 15 €4. Valid for 30 minutes, one ride without getting off.

4. Stroll through the Wiener Stadtpark

The Stadtpark opened in 1862 as Vienna’s first public park. It contains more monuments and sculptures than any other park, including the famous Johann Strauss memorial statue.

The statue was made of bronze in 1921 and gold-plated in 1990.

Wiener Stadtpark

How to get there: Stadtpark station, U-Bahn line U4 / Weihburggasse station, tram line 2.

05. Domkirche St. Stephan, St. Stephan’s Cathedral

Construction began in 1137 in the Romanesque style, although 100 years later it became late Romanesque.

From 1304 onwards, Gothic details began to be added, such as the choir, the side chapels and the spire of the south tower. During the 17th century extensions were made in the Baroque style, such as the high altar.

Domkirche St. Stephan, St. Stephan's Cathedral

How to get there: Stephansplatz station, U-Bahn lines U1 and U3.

Opening hours: Monday to Saturday 9.30am-11.30am and 1.00pm-4.30pm / Sundays 1.00pm-4.30pm.

Price: 7€ / Children under 14 years 2.50€ / All-included-ticket 25€ for entry to the cathedral, the two towers, the catacombs and the cathedral museum.

ESSENTIAL VISIT

6. Wiener Staatsoper, the Vienna State Opera

Opened in 1869, it is one of the most famous opera houses in the world.

Between 1938 and 1945, during the annexation by Nazi Germany, many members of the house were expelled, persecuted and killed. Many works were also banned.

On 1 September 1944, Joseph Goebbels ordered the closure of all theatres in the Reich.

During a bombing raid on 12 March 1945, the stage, the auditorium and almost all the scenery were destroyed, along with more than 150,000 costumes. Fortunately, the main façade, the grand staircase and the foyer with Schwind’s frescoes survived the fire.

The building was under reconstruction for 10 years. It began on 24 May 1945 and lasted until its reopening in November 1955.

Wiener Staatsoper, the Vienna State Opera

How to get there: Karlsplatz station, U-Bahn lines U1 and U4 / Wien Oper station, tram lines 1, 2, 62 and D.

Opening times: guided tours are available. See the timetables on the official website. They are conducted in several languages, including Spanish.

Price: 13€ / Under 27s 7€ / Under 6s free / Over 65s 9€.

ESSENTIAL VISIT

7. Hofburg Wien, the Imperial Palace

From here we walked to Hofburg Wien, the Imperial Palace. Construction began in the 13th century, with additions being added until the 20th century. It was the official residence and centre of government of the Habsburg emperors until 1918.

This is one of the largest palace complexes in Europe. It houses the former imperial apartments, several museums, a chapel and a church. The Austrian National Library, the Winter Riding School and the office of the President of Austria.

The tour of the Hofburg Palace is conducted with an audio guide in English.

Hofburg Wien

Sisi Museum

Here you will find numerous objects that belonged to the empress, which will help you to understand her intense and rebellious life.

Court silverware

Luxurious glassware, silver and porcelain objects, kitchen utensils and table linen from the imperial kitchen are on display in the museum.

Hofburg Wien

Imperial Apartments

Here you can visit 19 rooms that were inhabited by the Habsburgs for more than 600 years. You will see the official rooms as well as the private rooms where Emperor Franz Joseph and Empress Elisabeth lived.

How to get there: Herrengasse station, U-Bahn line U3 / Burgring station, tram lines 1, 2 and D.

Opening hours: September to June 9.00 am – 5.30 pm / July to August 9.00 am – 6.00 pm.

Price: 15 € / Students from 19 to 25 years 14 € / Children from 6 to 18 years 9 €.

ESSENTIAL VISIT

8. Kapuzinerkloster and the Royal Chapel

It is the Capuchin monastery, in which the Imperial Crypt is located.

The monastery was founded in 1618 by Empress Anna, the wife of Emperor Matthias. The foundation stone was laid on 8 September 1622 at the flour market. Due to the Thirty Years’ War, the work was delayed and could not be completed until 1632.

Since 1618 the Capuchin Crypt in Vienna has been the most important Habsburg family burial place. The remains of 12 emperors and 19 empresses of the House of Habsburg and their families are buried here. Through various extensions and alterations over the course of four centuries, the crypt has been enlarged to a total of ten rooms.

The sarcophagi on display are true works of art.

Kapuzinerkloster and the Royal Chapel

How to get there: Stephansplatz station, U-Banh lines U1 and U3.

Opening hours: 10.00 to 18.00 (Thursdays from 9.00). Closed on 1 and 2 November.

Price: 8€ / Students and over 65s 7€ / Under 18s 4.80€.

ESSENTIAL VISIT

9. Austrian Parliament

Built between 1873 and 1883, this is one of the most important historicist buildings in Vienna. Theophil Hansen designed it based on the style of ancient Greece.

It was here that the republic was proclaimed after the fall of the Habsburg Empire in 1918.

Part of the building was destroyed after World War II. Its reconstruction was completed in 1956 in keeping with its original appearance.

Today, the Parliament houses the National Council and the Federal Council. A guided tour of the interior is available in several languages, although we do not recommend it.

Austrian Parliament

How to get there: Parlament station, tram lines 1, 2, 71 and D / Herrengasse and Volkstheater stations, U-Bahn line U3.

Price: €5 / Students under 25 and senior citizens: €2.50 / Children under 6 free.

More information on the official website.

RECOMMENDED VISIT

10. Relax in Rathaus Park

The town hall was built in neo-Gothic style between 1872 and 1883 by Fiedrich von Schmidt, the same man who designed the Cologne Cathedral. The town hall houses, among others, the National and Municipal Library (with its extensive Viennese collection) and the Municipal and Provincial Archives.

Both inside and in the park outside, numerous events are held throughout the year, including a Christmas market and an ice rink. We coincided with a music festival where there were also numerous food stalls and lots of young people.

How to get there: Rathausplatz station, Burgtheater, tram lines 1, 2, 71 and D / Herrengasse and Volkstheater stations, U-Bahn line U3.

RECOMMENDED VISIT

hotels in Vienna

11. Karlskirche, the Church of St. Charles Borromeo

Built in Baroque and Rococo style between 1716 and 1739, it was designed by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach but completed by his son Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach.

The church is dedicated to the patron saint of the Habsburg imperial family, St. Charles Borromeo.

It is notable for its large dome from which there are beautiful views of the city centre.

Karlskirche

How to get there: Karlsplatz U station, tram lines 1 and 62 / Karlsplatz station, U-Bahn lines U1 and U2.

RECOMMENDED VISIT

12. Votivkirche

Votivkirche, the Votive Church of the Divine Saviour, was built in neo-Gothic style between 1853 and 1879. Its architect was Heinrich von Ferstel and it was built as a thanksgiving for a failed attempt on the life of Kaiser Franz Joseph.

How to get there: Schottentor station, tram lines 1, 71 and D / Schottentor station, U-Banh line U2.

13. Albertina

The name Albertina refers to Albert Casimir. Duke of Saxe-Teschen and son-in-law of Empress Maria Theresa. He founded the collection in Pressburg (present-day Bratislava) in 1776, where he resided as Maria Theresa’s representative for the Kingdom of Hungary.

In 1792 he was able to bring a large part of the collection from the Netherlands to Vienna, where he later served as the Austrian monarch’s representative.

The encyclopaedic and universalist collection comprises around one million drawings and prints from the Renaissance to the present day.

Albertina

How to get there: Oper station, Karlsplatz U, tram lines 1, 2, 71 and D.

Opening hours: from 10.00 to 18.00 (Wednesdays and Fridays until 21.00).

Price: 19.90€ / Under 26 and over 65 years old 15.90€ / Under 19 years old free.

ONLY IF YOU HAVE ENOUGH TIME

14. Hundertwasserhaus

Hundertwasser is a somewhat… peculiar building. A real stonker that you might think is the result of an LSD trip.

Designed by Friedensreich Hundertwasser, it was built between 1983 and 1985. It’s certainly worth a visit.

Hundertwasserhaus

How to get there: Löwengasse station, tram line 1.

15. Michaelerplatz and its Roman ruins

Here you will find the spectacular entrance to the Imperial Palace, with several large sculptures of Hercules and two impressive fountains at either end.
The square is also home to the Katholische Kirche St. Michael, the Church of St. Michael built in 1220 and elevated to a parish church in 1288.

In the centre of the square are the ruins of a former Roman military camp.

Michaelerplatz

16. Relaxing at Heldenplatz

On the Heldenplatz are two equestrian statues, one of Erzherzog Karl, Archduke Charles of Habsburg-Lorraine, and the other of Prinz Eugen, Prince Eugene Franz of Savoy.

At one end of the square is the Äußere Burgtor, the outer gate of the castle. Originally built in 1660, it was destroyed by Napoleon’s army in 1809 and rebuilt as we see it today in 1821.

In summer you will find many people relaxing or having a drink on the lawn.

Heldenplatz

17. Memorial to the Heroes of the Red Army

Denkmal zu Ehren der Soldaten der Sowjetarmee, the Monument to the Heroes of the Red Army. It was built in 1945 to commemorate the more than 17,000 Red Army soldiers who died in the Battle of Vienna during World War II.

Memorial to the Heroes of the Red Army Vienna

How to get there: Gußhausstraße station, tram line D / Am Heumarkt station, tram line 71.

18. Have fun in the Prater

The Prater is a recreation area for the imperial family and was opened to the public in 1766.

The amusement park opened in 1895, making it the oldest in the world. It is home to one of the city’s emblems, its giant Ferris wheel, inaugurated in 1897 during the celebration of the 50th anniversary of Franz Joseph I’s coronation.

Prater

How to get there: Praterstern station, U-Banh lines U1 and U2.

Opening hours: The park is open daily from 10am to midnight. Rides are open from 15 March to 31 October.

Price: Admission to the park is free but there is a charge for each attraction.

19. Take a nice ride in a Fiaker

The fiaker are horse-drawn carriages that have been travelling around the old town since 1693. During the ride, the driver will explain the route to you.

The price of the ride is €95 for the 40-minute ride and €120 for the 1-hour ride.

what to do in Vienna

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European travel diaries

On this page you will discover our European travel diaries.

European travel diaries

As always, we recommend traveling with good health insurance. IATI is a specialist in travel insurance and, for being our reader, you have a 5% discount.

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Granada: a walk through the Albaicín

The Albaicín or Albayzín, situated on the hill of San Cristóbal and facing the hill of the Sabika. On this hill is where the Alhambra is located. It is the oldest quarter of Granada. It is during the Nasrid period (1238-1492) that it acquired its greatest importance.

Today it still maintains the urban layout of that important period. It has an intricate network of narrow alleyways that make you get lost in them, giving you a wonderful experience for your senses.

We begin our visit in the central Plaza Nueva. Despite its name, it is the oldest square in the city. This is where the Al-Hattabin bridge over the Darro River was located during the Muslim occupation.

Attached to it is the Plaza de San Ana. It was built in 1878. Due to the continuous flooding caused by the overflowing of the Darro River, it was decided to vault it, resulting in both squares.

The most notable building in the square is the Palacio de la Chancillería. It was built by order of Charles I between 1531 and 1587 to house the Royal Chancery of Granada. The building was designed by the architects Francisco del Castillo el Mozo and Diego de Siloé.

Palacio de la Chancillería

The building is today the High Court of Justice of Andalusia, Ceuta and Melilla.

Almost at the far end is the Pilar del Toro (Bull’s Pillar). Its name comes from the bull’s head that occupies the central place of the fountain, from whose nose two water spouts emerge. It is the last work of the architect Diego de Siloé and dates from 1559.

Pilar del Toro

At the end of the square, parallel to the river Darro, is the church of San Gil and Santa Ana. It was built in the Mudejar style in 1537 by the architect Diego de Siloé. It stands on the site of the former Almanzora mosque. The tower was built between 1561 and 1563 by the architect Juan Castellar.

Iglesia de San Gil y Santa Ana

From here we take the Carrera del Darro, one of the most beautiful walks in Granada. Although it is somewhat uncomfortable due to the large number of people and the traffic of taxis and buses.

The Carrera del Darro dates back to the 17th century. It was built after the destruction of part of the wall that was located here, due to the explosion of a powder magazine next to the church of San Pedro and San Pablo in 1590.

About 100 metres from the start of the walk, you’ll find a perfect spot for instagramers. There you’ll see the kids taking turns to take the perfect photo. This is the Cabrera Bridge. It was built in the 17th century during the remodelling of the area. It is named after Don Pedro Cabrera y Jaques de Mansilla, commander of Ocaña, who was lieutenant of the Generalife.

Carrera del Darro Granada

A little further on we find the Espinosa Bridge, also from the 17th century. It owes its name to the Espinosa family, who had properties in the area since the beginning of the 16th century.

Granada

If we continue on, we soon come across El Bañuelo. These are Arab baths of uncertain origin. On the one hand, it is believed that they date from the 11th century. During the second stage of Zirid construction corresponding to the reigns of Badis and Abd Allah (1038-1090).

El Bañuelo

Others date it to the 12th century. It was built during the reign of the Zirid King Badis and was integrated into the eastern boundary of the district of the Qawraya castrense (military qawraya). It was within the walls of the al-Qasaba al-Qadima or Old Citadel.

El Bañuelo Granada

The Hammam al-Jawza or Walnut Bath has been known since the end of the 19th century. It is known by the diminutive name of Bañuelo because it is smaller than the royal baths of the Alhambra.

El Bañuelo

Nowadays it can be visited. Price: 5€ with the ticket “Monumentos Andalusíes”. This also includes the Dar Al-Horra Palace, El Corral del Carbón and the Moorish House.

what to do in Granada

Opposite the Bañuelo, we find the remains of the Puerta de los Tableros. It is also known as the Gate of the Gates. It was built in the 11th century under the rule of the Zirid dynasty. Over it was a bridge that connected the Alcazabas Cadima and Gidida with the fortress of the Alhambra. This was the eastern boundary of Zirid Granada.

Puerta de los Tableros

A little further on is the Convent of Santa Catalina. It was founded in 1520. Although its construction was completed in 1540 thanks to the support of the widow of Don Hernando de Zafra. The church, in Mudejar style, was rebuilt in 1678 after being destroyed by a raging fire.

The convent can be visited for a €1 entrance fee.

On one side of the convent, in Calle Concepción de Zafra, is the Casa de Zafra (House of Zafra). It is a 14th century Nasrid house. It belonged to a family of Andalusian aristocrats and has maintained its Moorish essence, present in the original structure and the pool in the courtyard.

The Casa de Zafra houses the Albaicín Interpretation Centre. It also houses a series of exhibitions and interactive panels that invite visitors to delve into the origins of the Albayzín neighbourhood.

The entrance fee is 3€. On Sundays it is free.

Casa de Zafra

We return to the Carrera del Darro. On the other side of the convent is the Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum of Granada.

The museum is housed in the Casa de Castril, a Renaissance-style palace built in 1539 for the family of Hernando de Zafra, secretary to the Catholic Monarchs who played an active role in the reconquest of the city from the Muslims and in their Capitulations. It was the work of the architect Sebastián de Alcántara, one of Diego de Siloé’s most outstanding disciples.

Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum of Granada

The palace is the subject of a legend from the Arab period that refers to a mysterious lady in white who appears from time to time, the result of a misunderstanding between the father of a beautiful girl who lived in the building and her supposed lover, which led to the father’s fury and subsequently to her hanging and walling herself up on the side balcony of the building. On this blind balcony, one can read a slogan that reads: ‘Waiting for heaven’s justice’, which could refer to ‘waiting for heaven’s justice’, probably related to the words that the supposed lover uttered before he was hanged.

Opposite the museum is the church of San Pedro and San Pablo, built in Mudejar and Renaissance style between 1559 and 1567, by the architect Juan Maeda.

church of San Pedro and San Pablo Granada

We continue onwards and arrive at the Paseo del Padre Manjón (Father Manjon walk), better known as the Paseo de los Tristes (walk of the sad), due to the fact that, in the past, funeral processions used to pass through here on their way to the cemetery. It was built in 1609 and by then it was called Paseo de Guadix and was the busiest area of the city until the 19th century.

At the beginning of the walk, we come across the Casa de las Chirimías. Built at the beginning of the 17th century in the Baroque style as a lookout tower, from which the authorities presided over the festivities and public events held on the esplanade of the Paseo de los Guadix.

Casa de las Chirimias

The house is located next to the bridge of the Chirimías, built between the 17th and 18th centuries, replacing the previous one from the Muslim period. The bridge crosses over to a building with a rather peculiar history: the “Hotel Reuma”.

It is actually called Hotel Bosques de la Alhambra and dates from the early 20th century. It is located in the middle of the Sabika hill, at the foot of the spectacular Comares Tower. It was built in 1908 by the architect Manuel Antonio Reyes Clavero on the grounds of the Carmen de Santa Engracia, which was owned by his wife…

It opened in 1910 and was only open for two years, as it was located in a shady area, with no sunlight at any time of the day and the humidity of the river, which made it damp and cold for the clients, uncomfortable as balls. Hence the unofficial name of Hotel Reuma.

The truth is that it is a somewhat phantasmagoric vision that I love.

Hotel reuma

In the centre of the promenade we find the Fountain of the Paseo de los Tristes, built in the Baroque style in 1609.

We turn off a little and walk up Calle Horno del Oro. Here we come across the Casa Horno de Oro (Gold Furnace House). It is a small Nasrid house.

The whole building revolves around a quadrilateral courtyard centred by a small pool and framed on its north and south sides by two porticoes with Nasrid columns behind which the main rooms open.

The house originally consisted of a single storey. A first floor was added in the 16th century. This became the main family area where the women’s and children’s rooms were located.

Casa del horno de oro

After the expulsion of the Moors, the house was a corral of neighbours until the 20th century, when it was acquired by the state and restored.

We now head towards the end of the walk. There we have two options: the first is to cross the Aljibillo bridge or Qantarat Ibn Rasiq in Arabic. Originally built in the 11th century by order of Zawi Ibn Ziri, it was completely destroyed in the floods of 1861 and was rebuilt on the spot.

From the end of the bridge, before crossing it, we have spectacular views of the Alhambra.

Alhambra

Cross the bridge and turn right at the end of the path, taking the path to the Fuente del Avellano (Hazelnut Tree Fountain). It is a peaceful path through the hills, which runs through the valley of Valparaiso, between monoliths with classical legends, for about 1 km, ending at the Fuente del Avellano.

According to researchers, the fountain was the famous Fountain of Tears of the Arab poets, whose source springs on the slope of the Silla del Moro (Moor’s chair).

The Fuente del Avellano has a simple pillar, made of Sierra Elvira marble, which is attached to the cistern, made of masonry and half-buried in the hillside.

Its façade is inscribed with a legend, engraved on 17th century stone, which reads, with difficulty:

“Dn. Fernando septimo Q.D.G. being Captain General of this Province the Exmo. Mr. Dn. José Ygnacio Albarez Campana and Corregidor of this Cap. Mr. Marques de Altamira, the City of Granada made this Work commissioning for it to the twenty four of its Town Hall D. José Marin. Year of 1827”.

We retrace our steps and cross the Aljibillo Bridge again and continue straight on up the steep Cuesta del Chapiz.

Just at the beginning of the slope, on the right hand side, you will see the Palacio de los Córdova. It was built between 1530 and 1592 in the Placeta de las Descalzas, for Luis Fernández de Córdova, Alférez Mayor of Granada and Commander of Villanueva de la Fuente.

what to do in Granada

In 1919, after passing into the hands of Ricardo Martín Flores, it was demolished to build the Gran Capitán Theatre on its site; the remains of historical-artistic value were preserved on the “Villa María” estate, on the road to Pulianas.

In the 1960s, and faced with the possibility of the remains being moved to Cordoba, Mayor Manuel Sola convinced the Duke of Montellano, married to Hilda Fernández de Córdova, to rebuild the palace on its current site.

In 1983 the Granada City Council acquired the Palacio de los Córdova to house the Municipal Archives, which opened its doors to the public at the beginning of August 1984.

We continue going up and up until we reach the Plaza del Salvador. There we find the Aljibe del Salvador, dating from the Nasrid period, which collects the water from one of the branches of the Aynadamar irrigation channel, whose source is located in Fuente Grande, in Alfacar.

We also find the Church of El Salvador, built in Mudejar style between 1565 and 1605 by the architect Juan de Maeda, and built on the site of the old Great Mosque of Granada.

Church of El Salvador

If we continue walking, on the right side of the parish church we find the Callejón de la Botica, which leads to Plaza Larga, the nerve centre of the Albayzín, with numerous terraces where you can have a drink.

Next to the square is the Arco de las Pesas or New Gate, one of the first access points of the Zirid wall, which was then called Bab Al Ziyada (Gate of the Widening). The name Arco de las Pesas (Arch of Weights) comes from the fact that, in the 16th century, tricked weights confiscated from swindling merchants in the area were displayed here.

The name Puerta Nueva (New Gate) is believed to come from a Muslim superstition, which said that this gate would be the place through which the Christians would enter to take the city of Granada and the kingdom would be lost forever. For this reason, the gate was closed until 1573, in the Christian era.

Arco de las Pesas

Cross the gate and turn left. We take the alley of San Cecilio, which leads directly to the viewpoint of San Nicolás.

The first thing we come across is the rear façade of the Church of San Nicolás, built in 1525 in the Mudejar style, on the ruins of the Azitini mosque.

To one side we find the Aljibe de San Nicolás, from the Christian period, although it is believed to have been built on the ruins of a Muslim cistern from the 11th century, attached to the Azitini mosque.

Aljibe de San Nicolas / Albaicín

And now we come to the jewel in the crown of the city, with the permission of the Alhambra, the viewpoint of San Nicolás (Mirador de San Nicolás).

Located in the highest part of the Alcazaba Qadima of the Zirid dynasty, next to the old mosque, of which only the cistern remains, it was at that time the parade ground. It was actually surrounded by buildings that were gradually cleared until it acquired its present dimensions around the middle of the 19th century.

From here we have the most classic image of tourism in Granada: the imposing Alhambra and the Generalife with the Sierra Nevada in the background. The sunset on a clear day can be magical.

US President Bill Clinton said during his visit to Granada in 1997 that it was the most beautiful sunset he had ever seen. And Grenada made good use of those words to project its tourism abroad.

Alhambra
Alhambra and the Generalife from the viewpoint
Alhambra
Alhambra and Generalife dressed in white
Snow in Granada

Next to the viewpoint of San Nicolás is the current Great Mosque of Granada. It was inaugurated in 2003, being the first mosque in Granada since 1492, after more than 500 years.

From the mosque we can contemplate views similar to those of the San Nicolás viewpoint, from its beautiful gardens.

Great Mosque of Granada
Great Mosque of Granada

We retrace our steps back to the Arco de las Pesas but, instead of crossing it, we take Aljibe de la Gitana street, which leads to the Aljibe del Rey, the largest of Granada’s Muslim cisterns, dating from the 11th century and with a capacity of 300 m3. Today it is integrated into the Carmen del Rey, the headquarters of the AguaGranada Foundation.

Aljibe del Rey
Aljibe del Rey

To Be Continued…

Lithuania 2012 (III): we visit Kaunas and return to Vilnius

Today we travel to Kaunas, Lithuania’s second city but with a lot of charm.

August 3rd

At 13.50 we left by bus for Kaunas. Three hours later we would arrive at Kaunas station. The ticket cost us 42.30 Litas (12.25€).

Kaunas

Kaunas is located at the confluence of the Niemen and Neris rivers; it is the second most populous city in the country after Vilnius and was the capital during the first Republic of Lithuania between 1920 and 1939.

The city was founded in 1361 and became the most populous city of the Trakai Voivodeship during the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1795 the Russians occupied the city and shortly afterwards it was attacked by Napoleon’s troops.

The 1918 declaration of independence made Kaunas the provisional capital of the Republic of Lithuania, as Vilnius was under Russian and later Polish control.

Kaunas
Views from the accommodation

By the late 1930s it had become Lithuania’s most populous city, but during World War II it suffered first the Soviet invasion (1940-1941) and, after a brief civil uprising, the German occupation (1941-1944).

The Nazi army carried out a holocaust of the Jewish population with the establishment of the Kovno Ghetto, leaving more than 30,000 dead. The Soviets recaptured the city in 1944 to establish the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. At the end of the war the capital was moved to Vilnius, now under Lithuanian sovereignty.

From the bus station we walked to the flat, about 2km away. This time we chose a tourist rental, a rather elegant flat that cost 49€ per night.

As I had arrived a bit sick, we decided to rest a bit. We went out for dinner at a nearby supermarket and went to bed early.

August 4th

We get up early and head out onto the streets. After breakfast we go to Laisvės Alėja (Freedom Avenue), a well-known pedestrian boulevard with many shops and restaurants. We stroll until we reach Šv. Arkangelo Mykolo bažnyčia (Church of St. Michael the Archangel).

The church of St. Michael the Archangel is a Roman Catholic church built between 1891 and 1895 in Neo-Byzantine style when Kaunas was part of the Russian Empire. It was originally an Orthodox church serving Russian troops stationed in the city, although it was planned to be a Roman Catholic church before the January 1831 uprising.

The church was integrated into the Kaunas Fortress. As was customary for military churches at the time, the construction of Kaunas Cathedral was financed in equal parts by the Military Ministry and by donations from military men.

Šv. Arkangelo Mykolo bažnyčia (Church of St. Michael the Archangel)

After the fall of the Kaunas Fortress during World War I, the Germans took the bells from the church and took them to Germany. The church remained closed until 1919.

In the inter-war period, the cathedral became a Roman Catholic church of the Lithuanian garrison in Kaunas. During the Soviet era it was used as an art gallery, and after its dissolution it resumed its Roman Catholic ecclesiastical activity.

From here we head to the Žaliakalnio funikulierius (Žaliakalnis funicular), the oldest funicular in Lithuania built in 1931. It runs a distance of 142 metres to the Basilica of the Resurrection of Christ. It quickly became a very popular means of transport, carrying some 5 million passengers between 1950 and 1970.

Žaliakalnio funikulierius (Žaliakalnis funicular)

We take the funicular, which costs 1 Lita per person (€0.30), up to Kauno Kristaus prisikėlimo bažnyčia (Basilica of the Resurrection of Christ), a monumental Roman Catholic church consecrated in 2004.

After Lithuania regained its independence in 1918, the idea of building a church as a national shrine and a symbol of gratitude to God for the freedom regained in the city of Kaunas, then the temporary capital of Lithuania, began to gain ground.

In 1922, the city of Kaunas gave the land for the construction and the design of the engineer Karolis Reisonas was chosen in a competition, and in 1933 the building permits were granted.

Kauno Kristaus prisikėlimo bažnyčia (Basilica of the Resurrection of Christ)

The cornerstone of the church, brought from the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, was solemnly blessed and laid in the foundations in 1934. Construction proceeded apace until the Soviet Union occupied the country, when the building was confiscated and converted into a radio factory. The building was then remodelled, with three storeys in the side aisles and five in the central nave. The crosses were removed and the chapel demolished.

In 1990, the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic forced the reconstructed building to be returned to its original form, but it was returned in a deplorable and dilapidated state.

Reconstruction then began, with some changes to the original plans. But the work was hampered by a lack of funds. It was not until 1997 that the work was accelerated thanks to contributions from the Lithuanian government.

The church was consecrated in 2004 and the work was finally completed in 2005.

Kauno Kristaus prisikėlimo bažnyčia (Basílica de la Resurrección de Cristo)

The building is really curious although it doesn’t look like a church. We paid 8 Litas (2.30€) each to enter. The interior is very simple and sober and you can go up to the terrace to see the spectacular views from the place.

Kauno Kristaus prisikėlimo bažnyčia (Basílica de la Resurrección de Cristo)
Kauno Kristaus prisikėlimo bažnyčia (Basílica de la Resurrección de Cristo)

We walked down instead of taking the funicular and went to the building of the Vytauto Didžiojo Karo Muziejus (Vytautas the Great War Museum).

In the same building we found the Nacionalinis M. K. Čiurlionio dailės muziejus (National Museum of Art). Apart from the museums, on the square in front of the museum is the Freedom Monument, which was erected in 1928 but destroyed during Stalin’s regime. It was reinstalled in 1989.

There is also the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and Kauno kariljonas (Kaunas Carillon), with its 49 bells ringing since 1956, and concerts are held every Saturday and Sunday at 16:00.

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier Kaunas
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

Close by is the Devil’s Museum (Velnių muziejus). A famous Lithuanian painter, public figure and professor Antanas Žmuidzinavičius (1876 – 1966) started to assemble this collection.

The museum contains a collection of more than 3,000 devils: creations of fine and applied arts, souvenirs and masks not only from Lithuania but from about 70 countries.

It was time for lunch. We decided to have lunch at a place on the way to the old town called Hesburger, a Finnish hamburger chain that is all over Lithuania. The burgers were quite good and it was quite cheap.

After lunch we went to the bank of the Niemen river. There we came across Nemuno Sala (Nemuno Island), an island about 1.5 km long that was undeveloped until 1917, when the German army built a harbour.

In the inter-war period it served as a winter harbour and recreational facilities were built. The harbour was in operation until 1970. Today it is a beautiful recreational park in which the ‘Algirio Arena, the largest sports hall in the Baltic States, is located. It opened on 18 August 2011 with a match between the Lithuanian and Spanish basketball teams.

As a basketball lover, I had to visit it as it was here that Spain won Eurobasket 2011.

Nemuno Sala (Nemuno Island)
Nemuno Sala (Nemuno Island)

We leave the island and head to the old town of Kaunas. We stroll along Vilniaus gatvė (Vilnius Street), the oldest street in the city, which is part of the old medieval road to Vilnius. Here we find numerous historic buildings, built by the wealthy class of the city.

On this street you will find many shops and terraces where you can have a good Lithuanian beer… which we did.

Vilniaus gatvė (Vilnius Street)

One of the most notable buildings on the street is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter and Paul (Kauno Šv. apaštalų Petro ir Povilo arkikatedra bazilika), a Roman Catholic cathedral basilica dedicated to the apostles St. Peter and St. Paul.

The exact date when the first Gothic-style church was built is unknown, but it is first mentioned in written sources in 1413. The construction work was not completed until 1624.

The church was badly damaged in 1655 during the Russo-Polish War but was rebuilt in 1671 with the addition of some Renaissance features. During a raging fire on the roof in 1732, both towers were destroyed and only one was rebuilt.

The present appearance of the building is the result of a new renovation in 1800. The church was promoted to cathedral status by Pope Leo XIII in 1895 and received the title of Basilica in 1926, when Pope Pius XI reorganised the Diocese of Samogitia into the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kaunas.

Kauno Šv. apaštalų Petro ir Povilo arkikatedra bazilika

Motiejus Valančius, the Bishop of Samogitia, who was also a historian and one of the best-known Lithuanian writers of the 19th century, was buried in a crypt of the church in 1875.

On the side façade facing Vilniaus gatvė is the mausoleum of Jonas Mačiulis – Maironis, a Lithuanian poet, professor and theologian, considered one of the leading figures of Lithuanian literature in the late 19th century.

Kaunas

A little further on from the church we come to Kauno Rotušės aikštė, the town hall square. Here we find (logically) the town hall (Kauno rotušė).

The construction of the town hall began in 1542 as a single-storey building with an unpainted façade and vaulted cellars. In the 16th century, the first floor and the eight-storey tower to the east of the building were built.

By 1638 it was built in the Renaissance style, and between 1771 and 1775 a second restoration was carried out by the architect J. Matekeris.

In the following centuries, it was used for various functions, such as an orthodox church, a munitions depot and the residence of the tsars.

Kauno rotušė

Between 1869 and 1944 it was used as a theatre. After the Second World War it became the municipal archive.

The building was restored between 1968 and 1973 under a project by the architect Žibarts Simanavičius and became the town hall. Today its functions are mainly weddings, but it is also the place where the authorities are received and official ceremonies are held.

On the town hall square is also the Church of St. Francis Xavier (Kauno šv. Pranciškaus Ksavero (Jėzuitų) bažnyčia).

It was built by the Jesuits in 1666 and consecrated in 1722. On the same site, they previously built their first residence in Kaunas in 1642 and established a chapel in the House of Perkūnas in 1643.

By 1824 the tsar handed the church over to the Orthodox Church, but a century later it reverted to the Jesuits. During the Soviet occupation, it was converted into a technical school and sports centre. After independence in 1989, it was once again in Jesuit hands.

Kauno šv. Pranciškaus Ksavero (Jėzuitų) bažnyčia

After a short evening stroll around the area, we looked for a place to have dinner and went to rest. Last day in Kaunas tomorrow.

August 5th

We get up at a reasonable hour, have breakfast and go to the street.

We return to Vilniaus gatvė, a street you will walk along many times. After a coffee, we head to Kaunas Castle (Kauno pilis).

Located on the bank of the Nemunas River near the confluence of the Neris River in the Confluence Park. It is believed to have been built in the mid-14th century in Gothic style.

By 1362, the castle was besieged by the Teutonic Order. At that time, the castle walls were more than 11 metres high. Inside was a garrison of about 400 Lithuanian soldiers commanded by Vaidotas, son of Duke Kęstutis.

After three weeks, the Knights managed to breach the castle walls and shortly afterwards the castle was taken. Of the 400 soldiers defending the castle, 36 survived. On Easter Sunday 1362, the knights celebrated a mass in the castle to commemorate their victory.

Kauno pilis

In 1384, the Lithuanian army besieged the castle and took it back. After the Battle of Grunwald, Kaunas Castle lost its strategic military importance and was used as a residence.

During the 16th century, the castle was strengthened and adapted to new defensive purposes by building an artillery bastion near the round tower.

The castle was used as a prison in the 18th century; later, the Russian administration granted permission for the construction of houses on the castle’s territory, which resulted in significant damage to the castle itself.

Kauno pilis

After that, the castle was abandoned for decades until 1960. A museum was opened in the round tower, but was soon moved due to the poor condition of the tower.

The castle is restored between 2010 and 2011. A branch of the Kaunas Museum is established there. On 14 July 2018 a new sculpture “Freedom Warrior” (representing Vytis) was erected near the castle.

Opposite the castle is the Church of St. George the Martyr (Kauno Šv. Jurgio Kankinio (pranciškonų) bažnyčia). It is a church built in Gothic style between 1492 and 1502.

Kaunas

The church was badly damaged during the Napoleonic Wars. During the Soviet occupation the church was converted into a medicine warehouse.

We turn back towards the centre. After a nice walk and a well-deserved and delicious Lithuanian beer, we enter St. Peter and Paul’s Cathedral. We had not had time the day before.

We continue strolling through the beautiful historic centre of the city. We reach Perkūno namas (House of Perkūnas). This is one of the most beautiful Gothic buildings in the city. It was built in the 15th century by Hanseatic merchants and its purpose is not really known.

There is a legend about a sculpture of the deity Perkūnas found on a wall of the building, about priestesses guarding the eternal fire; however, the extensive collection of artefacts found by researchers suggests that it was a commercial office belonging to Hanseatic merchants.

Kaunas

Perkūnas is one of the most important deities in the Baltic pantheon. In Lithuanian and Latvian mythology he is the god of thunder, rain, mountains, oaks and the sky.

Today, the House of Perkūnas belongs to the Kaunas Jesuit order. The Perkūnas House houses an exhibition on the life and works of Adomas Mickevičius, an art exhibition and a concert hall.

It can be visited for a fee of €3.

A little further down is the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary – Vytautas the Great (Vytauto Didžiojo bažnyčia). It is the oldest early Gothic monument in Kaunas. The exact date of its construction is unknown.

According to the Jesuit historian Albert Vijūkas Kojelavičius, Vytautas the Great built this church in 1400. Soon after, the Vilnius Franciscan monks began to guard it.

The first record of the church dates back to documents from 1439 and refers to a small wooden church. Shortly afterwards it was replaced by the present brick church. The tower was built between the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century.

Kaunas

The church was spared three major fires in the city (1603, 1624 and 1668). But it was devastated during the Russian invasion in 1655. It was restored in 1669.

In 1812, after the French invasion, it became an arms depot and, after their departure, the building was set on fire. It was restored again in 1819.

During the First World War, the German army used it for storage. After their departure, the building was again badly damaged.

In 1919 it was returned to the Catholic Church and restored again. On 15 August 1920 the church was consecrated by the prelate Aleksandras Jakštas-Dambrauskas.

The church is located on the banks of the river Niemen, so we walk to the Confluence Park (Santakos parkas).

The Confluence Park (Santakos parkas) is a large 12-hectare park at the confluence of the Nemunas and Neris rivers. Here you will find Kaunas Castle, sports facilities and even a monument to Pope John Paul II.

Kaunas

It’s a perfect place to take a stroll at sunset and sit on the grass and relax for a while. And even go fishing.

After a well-deserved rest we went on our way to a nearby shopping centre called Akropolis. There we found a place called Čili Pica where we had a quiet dinner.

After dinner we went to sleep, as we had to get up early. We took the bus back to Vilnius.

Back to Vilnius

August 6th

Last day in Lithuania. We took an early bus to Vilnius.

As soon as we arrived in the city we went straight to the hotel, which was opposite the Vilnius Cathedral. This time we chose the Amberton Hotel. A 4 star hotel that cost us 61€ a night with breakfast, which we booked as a picnic as we were leaving the hotel at 3am.

Find the best hotel at the best price in Vilnius with Agoda.

Hotels in Vilnius / Lithuania

The truth is that the hotel, for a 4-star hotel, was pretty dingy, although it had a good view.

Vilnius
Views from the room

We left our things and went to do the last Lithuanian sightseeing. A stroll along Pillies Street, where there was a craft market. There we bought some souvenirs.

Then we go on our way to see a sculpture of the musician Frank Zappa… unique in the world…

And from here we go down to Gedimino Avenue, the main avenue of the city. A large shopping street closely related to the world of theatre and with numerous government buildings.

Here we had some hamburgers for lunch from a fast food chain…

The Lithuanian National Theatre of Dramatic Art (Lietuvos nacionalinis dramos teatras) is located on this street.

The theatre opened on 6 October 1940 with a performance of the play “Hope” by the Dutch playwright Herman Heijermans. At that time it was located in Basanavicius Street. The theatre moved to its current location in 1951.

The sculpture Celebration of the Muses (Mūzų šventė) by sculptor Stanislovas Kuzma, which crowns the main entrance of the theatre, has become the symbol of the National Drama Theatre of Lithuania. These figures represent the muses of Drama (Calliope), Comedy (Thalia) and Tragedy (Melpomene).

Lietuvos nacionalinis dramos teatras

This street is also home to the Mažasis Theatre (Mažasis teatras) and the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre (Lietuvos muzikos ir teatro akademija).

This avenue is a beautiful promenade lined with stately buildings.

Mažasis teatras

Paseando paseando llegamos de nuevo a la calle Pillies. Allí tomamos nuestra última cena en el primer local que descubrimos de Čili Pica y temprano a la cama para madrugar.

Madrugón exagerado. Bajamos a recepción a recoger el desayuno y hacer el check out. Aquí nos pasó algo que nunca habíamos vivido. Entregamos las llaves y el recepcionista nos pasa la cuenta: 210 Lt. El hotel lo teníamos pagado mediante la web en la que lo contratamos. Se lo hacemos saber y nos pide una prueba del pago. Por suerte ya tenía mi primer smartphone y pude enseñarle el correo con el recibo del hotel y del banco.

No se si nos quería estafar o era un novato, pero nos dejó marchar pero teníamos que mandarle los recibos al correo del hotel… nunca lo hicimos.

En la puerta nos pesperaba nuestro transfer al aeropuerto, ya que a esas horas no había transporte público.

Balance of the trip

What can I say about Lithuania… A country that pleasantly surprised me. Its spectacular landscapes, its gastronomy, its culture and its kind and friendly people.

I am aware that 10 days is very little time and that we missed a lot to see. I am sure I will come back.

NEXT ENTRY

Lithuania 2012 (II): visiting Klaipėda and Curonian Spit

We continue our journey through Lithuania. Today we moved the camp and went to Klaipėda.

August 1st

Klaipėda is Lithuania’s third most populous city and the country’s main seaport, located on the Baltic Sea coast.

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Brief history of Klaipėda

The town was founded in 1252 by the Teutonic Order and is called Castrum Memele (in German Memelburg) and the whole area was Christianised. The Peace of the Melno Sea in 1422 fixed the brotherhood between the province of Prussia and Lithuania. Memel was included in Prussia and the border remained unchanged until 1919. It was one of the longest unchanged borders in Europe.

At the beginning of 1474 Memel was governed by the Culm Law of the Prussian towns. In 1525, the Duchy of Memel adopted Lutheranism under the reign of Albert of Prussia. It was the beginning of a long period of prosperity for the city and the port, as the Duchy of Prussia was a Polish fiefdom and later part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. That prosperity came to an end when, between 1629 and 1635, Memel was attacked and occupied by Sweden.

With the creation of the unified German state in 1871, Memel became the most northeastern town in Germany. After the Treaty of Versailles, the territory surrounding Memel was separated from Germany and given autonomy under French occupation. In 1923 Lithuanian troops under Colonel Budrys attacked the town and the French withdrew.

Klaipeda

Memel was reabsorbed by the German Reich on 22 March 1939, after the annexation of Austria, the Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia. In January 1945 the town was captured by the Red Army and handed over to Lithuania.

At 11.35 the bus left Vilnius station. During the journey, something happened that left a deep impression on me. At a certain point on the motorway, we overtook an old car that was being towed by a Seat Ibiza with a normal rope tied to the bumper. In Spain you get caught and you get a packet of shit.

A little less than 4 hours later we arrived at Klaipėda station. From here we walked to our hotel, the National Hotel. A 4-star hotel, very centrally located and quite cheap.

We left our things and went for a walk through the old part of the city, the central part of which looks like a typical German village. The central part of the district looks like a typical German village – have we changed countries without realising it?

The most central place is Aikštė Theater, the Theatre Square. This is the central square of Klaipeda’s old town. Originally, part of the castle moats were located here. After being filled in 1819, a market was opened here. This market evolved and grew over the years.

Aikštė Theater

The most notable building on the square is (obviously) the theatre. The time of construction of the first building is unknown, but according to 18th-century city plans, a square building called “Komedijų namais” (Comedy House), which was formerly a military building, was located here.

The new boom of theatrical life in Klaipėda began after 1818, when the German Ulbrich arrived here. A forestry trading company allowed him free use of a temporary wooden building, where he set up a 200-seat hall and opened a theatre.

At the end of the 19th century, the construction of a new two-storey brick theatre in Classicist style with an attic was completed on the site of the present theatre. In 1854 the theatre burned down during a fire in the city but was rebuilt in 1857.

In 1935 the Šiauliai Theatre was moved to Klaipeda, a town 170 km to the west, and functioned as the Klaipeda State Theatre until 1939.

Unfortunately, during our visit it was completely covered up as it was undergoing restoration work and we were unable to see it.

Another notable feature of the square is the monument to Simon Dach, a poet born in 1605 in Klaipeda when it was officially called Memel and belonged to Germany. It is a fountain installed in 1912 whose sculpture represents the barefoot girl, one of the characters created by the poet.

monument to Simon Dach

In 1939 the sculpture was removed from the square and it is said that the idea was to replace it with one of Adolf Hitler. In 1989 a replica of the original sculpture was reinstalled.

From here we went to the banks of the Danish river. We crossed the river on the Biržos Bridge. Until the 18th century, the then wooden bridge was used not only for crossing the river, but also to collect tribute from all the ships that wanted to pass over it.

In 1877, construction began on a new steel bridge designed by the Wiesbaden engineer Bernstein, which was opened in 1879. In 1904, the upper part of the bridge was redesigned so that the new trams of the city could travel over it. During the reconstruction, the bridge was decorated with two openwork Art Nouveau metal portals, to which street lamps were attached.

Destroyed during World War II, it was rebuilt to the same design in 1948 and restored in 2007.

Biržos Bridge

The city must have been in a festive mood. In the park by the river there were several little food and craft stalls. There we sat down to have some refreshments and eat kepta duona, a kind of fried bread strips with cheese, which is delicious.

Next to the bridge is Arka, a monument built by sculptor Arūnas Sakalauskas in 2003 to commemorate the 85th anniversary of the Tilsit Law and the 80th anniversary of the Klaipėda uprising. The smaller red column is made of red granite and symbolises Lithuania Minor and its cultural heritage, while the grey part symbolises Lithuania proper. The grey part at the top appears to have been broken off and represents the Kaliningrad Oblast, now part of Russia.

The inscription at the top reads: ‘Esame viena tauta, viena žemė, viena Lietuva’ (‘We are one nation, one land, one Lithuania’) in the words of the Lithuanian writer Ieva Simonaitytė.

Arka Klaipeda

From here we went to rest for a while but, on the way, we stopped at a supermarket to buy some dinner. For 18.84 Litas (5.45€) we bought a lot of things.

After the break we had a short evening stroll but went to bed early as we had to get up very early. The next day was going to be hard, very hard.

August 2nd

We got up very early, no, very early. Today we visited the Curonian Spit, a sandy spit that separates the Baltic Sea from the Curonian Lagoon. It is 98 km long, of which 52 km belong to Lithuania and the rest to the Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia.

According to Baltic mythology, the spit was formed by a very strong girl called Neringa who was playing on the beach.

Curonian Lagoon
Curonian Lagoon

The entire Lithuanian part belongs to the municipality of Neringa. Until the reform of the Lithuanian municipality in 2000, it was known as the town of Neringa, although there was never a real “town” there. It became a city in the Soviet Union in 1961 by formally combining 4 settlements into one administrative unit.

At 7.20 in the morning we were taking the ferry from Klaipeda to Smiltynés. The trip cost us 2.90 Litas (0.85€) and takes about 20 minutes to cross the lagoon. From here we took a bus to Nida. The journey cost us 11 Litas (3.20€) and takes just over an hour.

Nida is the administrative capital of the municipality of Neringa and is well known as a tourist destination and for the Nida artists’ colony, an important artistic movement in East Prussia that began around 1890 and ended with the outbreak of World War II.

Nida is the westernmost point of Lithuania and the Baltic states, near the border with the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad Oblast, and has a population of about 2,300.

Nida

Here we bought a snack for the road and went to a bike rental point that I had already booked. The bikes cost us 30 Litas (8.70€) each and we could return them at any of the points along the isthmus.

With the bikes we headed to the first point we wanted to see, the Parnidžio kopa, the Parnidis Dune or the Great Dune of Nida. A 52-metre high moving sand dune and it is believed that its name, Parnidis, comes from the phrase meaning “it passed by Nida” because this wind-blown dune has passed by the village of Nida several times.

It is possible to climb to the top but only along the marked paths. It is strictly forbidden to leave these paths to ensure their preservation.

Parnidžio kopa, the Parnidis Dune

We park the bikes and climb the stairs through the lush forest to the top and admire the breathtaking views.

Parnidžio kopa, the Parnidis Dune

At the top of the dune is Saulės laikrodis, a granite sundial built in 1995. In 2011 it had to be restored as it was destroyed during a storm. The sundial is a 13.8-metre-high stone pillar weighing 36 tons. From an astronomical point of view, the Parnidis dune is an ideal place for the sundial in Lithuania.

Saulės laikrodis

After admiring the spectacular views we set off northwards towards the ferry, although we were not going to get that far. Practically the whole way we were able to cycle along the cycle path. It’s great because you don’t run into traffic and you don’t put yourself in danger.

The next stop was Vecekrugo kopa, the Vecekrugo dune about 8 km from Nida. This is the highest dune on the Curonian isthmus at 67 metres high and you can also climb it along the marked path to admire the views, but they are less impressive than those of Parnidis Dune.

Vecekrugo kopa

Here we took the opportunity to rest in the shade and eat what we had bought in Nida. After the rest we returned to the road. After kilometres of spectacular scenery combining forest and coast, we reached the town of Pervalka, about 8 km from Vecekrugo kopa.

Pervalka is a (very) small town of about 200 inhabitants. Most of the houses are small fishermen’s buildings from the late 19th and early 20th century and most of them are located on both sides of the main street along the shores of the Curlandia lagoon.

The village is really charming. If one day I win the lottery, I’ll buy a holiday cottage here.

Pervalka

Here we buy something to eat in a little shop, a light snack to keep on pedalling. We continue riding until we reach the coast of the Baltic Sea. Specifically to Juodkrantės bendras paplūdimys, Juodkrantės beach, about 17 km from Pervalka. A spectacular beach of fine, white sand where you felt like taking your clothes off and jumping into the sea, as it was very hot that day.

Juodkrantės bendras paplūdimys, Juodkrantės beach

From here we head to Juodkrantė (literally black coast), a tourist village with about 700 inhabitants. Located in the territory of the former Prussia, it was for centuries a fishing village called Schwarzort, which experienced a tourist boom in the late 19th and early 20th century.

Here we returned the bikes to the town’s quay and got on the bus to go to the ferry. We arrived at the hotel around 7 p.m. and rested for a while before going to get some dinner.

The break got a bit out of hand and we were running a bit late. I had booked a place for dinner on the internet and we set off. After a long walk we arrived in Soviet Klaipeda: wide avenues and huge blocks of flats. There was nothing on that road and the lighting was not very bright. As we couldn’t find the place we decided to turn around and look for something in the old town. With such bad luck that it had become too late and we were no longer allowed to enter any restaurants (they close at 22.00). So we decided to buy some ready-made food in a supermarket and eat it quietly in the hotel.

what to do in Klaipeda

August 3rd

Last hours in Klaipeda. We strolled through the old town until we reached the ruins of the castle, Klaipėdos Pilis. Klaipeda Castle also known as Memelburg or Memel Castle was built by the Teutonic Knights. The year of its construction is unknown but it was first mentioned in written sources in 1252 and underwent numerous destructions and reconstructions in the following centuries.

During the 19th century, having lost its strategic importance, the castle was demolished. Archaeological work was carried out on the site during the 20th century, and in 2002 a museum was established under one of its bastions. The castle is currently being restored.

It must be said that we did not have time to visit the museum.

On the quay is the most… strange or disturbing sculpture I remember seeing: Klaipėdos Juodasis vaiduoklis or the black ghost of Klaipeda, a hooded ghostly figure climbs out of the water, holding a lantern in his hand.

This disturbing sculpture is linked to a legend dating back to 1595 when Hans von Heidi, one of the Klaipėda castle guards, was making his nightly rounds near the harbour.

Out of nowhere, a hooded figure appeared near the water’s edge. Instead of attacking the startled guard, he asked him how the city’s grain and timber supplies were holding up. Von Heidi informed the ghost that the city had sufficient supplies, but the ghost warned him that it would not be enough. At that point, the apparition vanished.

In the old days, of course, people were inclined to believe the words of ghosts, witches, goblins and giants. And so Hans von Heidi dutifully reported his ghostly encounter to his superiors, and the town set about increasing its supplies of wood and grain. Then followed a few bleak years of famine and scarcity, which the people of Klaipėda only survived thanks to the ghost’s warning.

The sculpture, by Svajunas Jurkus and Sergejus Plotnikovas, was installed in 2010 and pays homage to the city’s saviour ghost.

Klaipeda

This is the end of our visit to Klaipeda and Neringa. It was time to go back to the station to take the bus to a new destination: Kaunas.

what to do in Klaipeda / Lithuania