Alhambra de Granada: un palacio de ensueño

La Alhambra es un complejo monumental situado en la ciudad de Granada, Andalucía. Se trata de un conjunto de antiguos palacios, jardines y fortaleza construido para alojar a la corte del Reino Nazarí (1238-1492) y, tras la reconquista, para la realeza castellana.

Su rica decoración interior es de las más importantes del arte y arquitectura andalusí y alberga el museo de arte andalusí. Está gestionado por el Patronato de la Alhambra y el Generalife y en 2016 fue el segundo monumento más visitado de España después de la Sagrada familia de Barcelona. Antes de la pandemia lo visitaban una media de casi 3 millones de visitantes al año.

Patio de los Arrayanes
Patio de los Arrayanes.

Información práctica sobre la Alhambra de Granada

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Visitando la Alhambra

Alhambra

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Lituania 2012: desconocida sorpresa

En esta página vamos a describir nuestro viaje a Lituania en forma de diario. Un país que no te dejará indiferente.

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Francia y Bélgica 2015

En esta entrada vamos a narrar en forma de diario nuestro primer viaje a Francia. Visitaremos París y las zonas de Picardía y Normandía centrándonos sobre todo en los cementerios de las Guerras Mundiales.

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Francia

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España 2021: Ruta desde el centro al norte

Una vez más, a causa de la pandemia de Covid-19, volvemos a aplazar nuestro viaje de verano a tierras asiáticas. El año pasado Laos y este año iba a ser nuestro tercer viaje a Japón. Pero seguimos conociendo bellos rincones de España.

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Barcelona: un paseo por Montjuïc

En este 2022 volvemos a hacernos un gran viaje dos años después. Este año toca Islandia, pero antes toca un paseo por Barcelona.

Torres Venecianas
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14 de Julio

Toca viaje largo. A las 8.55 de la mañana despegamos puntuales hacia el aeropuerto de Barcelona, donde haríamos una escala de 8 horas.

Con esta escala tan larga decidimos ir a dar un pequeño paseo por Montjuïc. Para ello tomamos el Aerobus 1 y nos bajamos en la Plaza de España. El billete de ida cuesta 5.90€ y el de ida/vuelta 10.20€.

La Plaza de España (Plaça d’Espanya) fue construida en 1929 para la Exposición Internacional. Fue según los planos de los arquitectos Josep Puig i Cadafalch y Guillem Busquets.

Plaza de España (Plaça d'Espanya)

En la plaza podemos ver varios elementos reseñables como la fuente monumental diseñada por Josep Maria Jujol y con la decoración monumental confeccionada por Miguel Blay y los hermanos Miquel y Llucià Oslé.

También encontramos la Plaza de Toros Las Arenas. Construída en el año 1900 en estilo neomudéjar por el arquitecto Augusto Font Carreras. El 19 de junio de 1977 se celebró la última corrida de toros y, a partir de ahí estuvo prácticamente en deshuso hasta el año 2011 en el que se reconvirtió en centro comercial.

Plaza de España (Plaça d'Espanya) Barcelona
Fuente y Plaza de Toros

En la entrada de la avinguda de la Reina María Cristina encontramos las Torres Venecianas, construidas en 1929 por el arquitecto Ramon Reventós como puerta de acceso a la Exposición Internacional de ese año. Su nombre se debe a su parecido con el campanile de San Marcos en Venecia.

Torres Venecianas

Subiendo por la avinguda de la Reina María Cristina encontramos la Feria Internacional de Barcelona y el Palacio de Congresos de Barcelona.

Al final de la avenida llegamos a la Font Màgica de Montjuïc (Fuente Mágica de Montjuic) construida con motivo de la Exposición Internacional de 1929 por Carles Buïgas en el lugar donde estaban situadas las Cuatro Columnas de Josep Puig i Cadafalch.

Montjuïc

La música se incorporó durante los años 80 y fue completamente restaurada antes de los juegos olímpicos de 1992. La fuente es un conjunto de juegos de luz y agua que se desarrolla en todo el eje desde el Palacio Nacional hasta la plaza de España, que incluye cascadas y estanques.

Al final de las escaleras (la mayor parte mecánicas pero no todas) llegamos al impresionante Palacio Nacional de Montjuic, construido entre 1926 y 1929 para la Exposición Internacional de 1929 de Barcelona y que desde 1934 aloja el Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña.

Palacio Nacional de Montjuic / Museo Nacional de Arte de Cataluña

Fue obra de los arquitectos Eugenio Cendoya y Enric Catà, bajo la supervisión de Pere Domènech i RouraFue y se trataba del edificio principal de la Esposición Internacional.

Desde aquí tenemos unas vistas espectaculares de la ciudad de Barcelona.

Tibidabo
Sagrada Familia

Tras el palacio se encuentra L’Anella Olímpica de Montjuïc, el Anillo Olímpico, las instalaciones deportivas del los juegos de 1992. En él encontramos el mítico Estadio Olímpico Lluís Companys.

El estadio fue inaugurado el 20 de mayo de 1929 por el rey Alfonso XIII. Entre 1985 y 1989 fue reconstruido casi en su totalidad para prepararlo para los Juegos Olímpicos.

Estadio Olímpico Lluís Companys y pebetero olímpico
Estadio Olímpico Lluís Companys y pebetero olímpico

Aquí también se encuentra el Palau Sant Jordi, construido para los Juegos Olímpicos por arquitecto japonés Arata Isozaki. Por desgracia todo el recinto se encontraba cerrado por obras y tuvimos que verlo de lejos.

Palau Sant Jordi

También encontramos el Castell de Montjuïc (Castillo de Montjuic), una antigua fortaleza militar que inicialmente fue una pequeña atalaya para vigilar el tránsito marítimo que fue evolucionando a lo lardo de los siglos hasta llegar al aspecto que observamos hoy día.

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Ya a la bajada nos encontramos con los jardines Joan Maragall, rodeando el Palacete Albéniz residencia de la familia real española durante sus visitas a la ciudad condal.

Castell de Montjuïc (Castillo de Montjuic)
Palacio Nacional de Montjuïc

También se encuentra aquí el Poble Espanyol (Pueblo Español) un museo arquitectónico al aire libre. Se inauguró en 1929 para la Exposición Internacional tras la idea del arquitecto catalán Josep Puig i Cadafalch y se concibió como un pueblo en el que se pretendían reunir las principales características de los pueblos de España.

Como ya se hacía la hora de comer, buscamos algún sitio recomendable. Elegimos El Mesonet, un sencillo restaurante de gastronomía catalana. Comimos de maravilla (el arroz montañés fue delicioso) y bastante barato.

El Mesonet

De camino a la parada del bus pasamos por la Plaza de Toros Las Arenas. Desde la terraza podemos obtener unas vistas espectaculares.

barcelona

Ahora si, toca volver al aeropuerto para poner rumbo a nuestro destino real: Islandia.

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France 2020: Route from Nantes to Mont Saint Michel

This time we return to France to visit Mont Saint Michel, which we couldn’t visit on our 2015 trip because we didn’t have time.

March 6th

The night before we went to bed with the uncertainty caused by a strike by air traffic controllers at French airports. But in principle, both on the Easyjet website and on the Aena website, it seems that it is on time. And without imagining that it would be the last plane trip we would take in a long time due to the Covid-19 pandemic that would be declared just a week later.

First of all, do not forget your travel insurance, for what may happen. We recommend IATI, specialists in travel insurance. Also, for being our reader, you will get a 5% discount on your insurance

We arrived at the airport and, indeed, boarded on time. But being already seated, they warn that we will be delayed an hour.

EasyJet

We took off about 50 minutes late. Nantes welcomes us with rain and 2ºc. We’re going to be cold.

We go straight for the car, a citroen cactus, uglier than a pain inside and out. The car cost us a total of €64.94 ($78) for three days.

We left the airport and soon… traffic jam. Works on a bridge on the Nantes ring road. But hey, it’s relatively light.

We passed the traffic jam and about 20 km further on, PAM!, another traffic jam. This fatter and slower. More road works.

We passed the drink and about halfway between Nantes and Rennes we stopped to eat something.

I didn’t remember from the previous time, but the coffee in France is really bad. So few more coffees we were going to drink.

We continue on our way. About an hour and a half later we arrived at the medieval town of Dinan.

Dinan

Dinan is founded in the 11th century. Around the year 1283 the wall was built and in 1364 the castle. The city prospered in the 16th century thanks to crafts and the port on the Rance River. In the 18th century, commercial activity was stimulated by the installation of numerous looms that supplied sails and fabrics to the ships of Saint Malo.

There are many car parks in the town, but since we are in low season, those in the center of town have free spaces.

We parked in the one in the market square and they charged us €2.40 ($2.90) per hour and a half. From here we begin to walk through the medieval quarter. The first stop is the Église Saint-Malo de Dinan.

Built during the 15th century, Duke Francis II, fearing the capture of Dinan, ordered the destruction of the first church of Saint-Malo shortly after. Between the end of the 15th century and the 16th century it was rebuilt and gradually enlarged.

Dinan
Église Saint-Malo
Dinan
Église Saint-Malo

We continue walking and a little further down we reach the Les Cordeliers convent. Built in 1251 under the patronage of Notre Dame des Vertus for the Franciscan monks, today converted into a secondary education institute. The downside is that visitors are not allowed.

Dinan
 Les Cordeliers
Dinan
 Les Cordeliers

We continue down walking through the beautiful old town of Dinan until we reach the Tour de l’Horloge, a bell tower built in the fifteenth century. You can go up to the bell tower by paying €4 ($4.80).

Dinan
Tour de l’Horloge
Dinan

Nearby is the Basilique Saint-Sauveur de Dinan. It is one of two Catholic parish churches in Dinan along with the Église Saint-Malo. The oldest parts of the building were built in the 12th century and are Romanesque and Gothic in style.

Dinan
Église Saint-Malo

We continue walking and arrive at the Château de Dinan. Built in 1384, it was declared a historical monument in 1886. It belongs to the commune and houses a municipal museum. With this visit we finish with Dinan.

Dinan
Château de Dinan

Around 5:30 p.m. we set off for Saint Malo. About half an hour later we arrived in the city and left the car in one of the intramural parking lots.

Saint Malo

Sain Malo is a historic French port in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, on the English Channel coast. It was founded by the roosters in the 1st century BC. such as the Roman Reginca or Aletum.

At the end of the fourth century AD. C., the district of Saint-Servan was the site of an important promontory of the Saxon coast that protected the estuary of the Rance from maritime invaders from beyond the borders.

During the decline of the Western Roman Empire, Armorica (modern Britain) rebelled against Roman rule under the Bagaudae and in the 5th and 6th centuries received many Celtic Britons fleeing instability across the Channel.

Modern Saint-Malo traces its origins to a monastic settlement founded by Saint Aaron and Saint Brendan in the early 6th century.

On March 11, 1590, Saint-Malo proclaimed its independence from the Kingdom of France and became the Republic of Saint-Malo, taking the motto “not French, not Breton, but Malouine”. The republic comes to an end on December 5, 1594 with the conversion to Catholicism of King Henry IV.

After the definitive annexation of the Duchy of Brittany to France, and with the discovery of America and the development of overseas trade, Saint-Malo became an economic emporium. This economic development slowed down due to the French Revolution. The most traumatic episode was the shooting of 60 «counter-revolutionaries» in the dunes of the Vendean Armada in December 1793. The youngest was 16 years old, the oldest 19 .

Saint Malo
Porte de Dinan

We went up the wall to walk around it and enjoy the views. It was a wind that literally took you away from the rain at times. There was even a moment when sleet fell on us.

The truth is that it was worth it. The views of both the coast and the city are incredible. The pity is that at high tide it was not possible to reach the Petit and Grand Bé islands.

Saint Malo
Petit and Grand Bé islands
Saint Malo
Fort National

We walked along the wall and went down to the height of the town hall. The wind and the rain had been with us.

We went through the door of San Vicente and next to it we sat down in a creperie called La duchesse Anne to have a drink and, of course, to eat a crepe while it was pouring with rain.

Saint Malo
Door of San Vicente
Saint Malo
Town Hall

After replenishing our strength, we went for a night walk to the cathedral.

The town at night was completely deserted and with little lighting so we decided to return to the car that we were 45 km from the hotel. Parking cost us only €0.60 ($0.70) for almost two hours. I guess in high season it will be more expensive.

It took us almost an hour to get to the hotel. It was raining buckets and nothing could be seen, apart from the fact that we got lost along the way.

The chosen hotel was the Ibis Portonson Baie du Mont Saint Michel. A newly built hotel, so much so that on google maps the location appears in the middle of a fence. The hotel was very good, the classic cut of all ibis. Also very cheap, €57 ($68.44) per night with breakfast included.

Find the best hotel at the best price in France near Mont Saint Michel with Agoda:

Hotels in France

For dinner, as it was getting late, we decided to have it at the hotel restaurant, which specialized in grilled meat. The menu was only in French so after a while we played it safe and ordered some hamburgers that were really good. The only downside was the slow slow service.

After dinner, to bed, you had to get up very early.

March 7th

We get up very early. Today it was time to visit the site that was the reason for the trip: Mont Saint Michel.

Mont Saint Michel

Mont Saint Michel is located on a rocky tidal island (an island connected to land through a sand bar), although during prehistory it was on dry land.

Mont Saint-Michel was used in the 6th and 7th centuries as a bastion of Armorica until it was sacked by the Franks. Between the 5th and 8th centuries, Mont Saint Michel belonged to the territory of Neustria and, at the beginning of the 9th century, it was an important place in the Neustrian marches.

Until the 8th century the island was called Mont Tombe (Latin for tomb). According to a legend, the archangel Michael appeared in the year 708 to Aubert de Avranches, bishop of Avranches, and instructed him to build a church on the islet.

Through the Treaty of Compiègne in the year 867, the king of the Franks grants the Cotentin peninsula and the Avranchin, including Mont Saint Michel, to the Bretons.

In the year 933 William I Longsword annexed the Cotentin Peninsula of the weakened Duchy of Brittany to Normandy.

In 1067, the Mont Saint-Michel monastery supported William the Conqueror in his claim to the throne of England.

During the Hundred Years’ War, the Kingdom of England made repeated assaults on the island, but were unable to take it due to the improvement of the abbey’s fortifications.

We had breakfast quietly, throwing away half a coffee that looked like it was dog, undrinkable.

We set off and by 9 in the morning we were out of the car. We left it in one of the 13 car parks. In summer it has to be tremendous what people gather. There is a free bus that takes you from the car parks to the gate of the enclosure but we decided to do it on foot enjoying the views.

Supposedly it takes about 35 minutes but, between photos and selfies, it takes about 45.

Mont Saint Michel

As we crossed the bridge, a regular bus arrived from the nearby town of Portonson. The truth is that while I was preparing the trip I didn’t see him anywhere.

Mont Saint Michel

The town is very pretty, we climbed past a multitude of restaurants, hotels and gift shops on both sides until we reached, after about a million steps, the abbey.

Mont Saint Michel
Mont Saint Michel

The entrance fee is €11 ($13.21) and, apart from that, we rented an audio guide for an additional €3 ($3.60), which was very good because since we didn’t have headphones we could share it.

The abbey is truly spectacular, with a very, very rich history. It is a totally essential visit.

Mont Saint Michel
Mont Saint Michel

During the entire visit we were accompanied by a South Korean television crew who looked like they were recording a documentary.

Mont Saint Michel
Mont Saint Michel

At the end of the visit, the next step was to visit Fougères. We thought to eat there but we were separated by 50 minutes by car in the end we decided to look for something on the outskirts of the mountain. To return we took the free bus to the first stop it made.

Bus to Mont Saint Michel
Bus to Mont Saint Michel

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There were many restaurants but some were closed. We assume that they will be seasonal and only open in summer.

In the end we decided on one that had very good reviews on the internet: Restaurant La Ferme Saint Michel, with typical French food.

We ate exaggeratedly well although somewhat expensive, but it is the tonic in France. We ate 2 menus, one for €24 ($28.80) and another for €29 ($34.80). Both consisted of a starter, main course and dessert, all to choose from several options. The truth is that it is highly recommended.

With a full belly, we returned to the parking lot and paid the €9.10 ($11) that it cost in low season and headed for the medieval village of Fougères.

Fougères

Fougères is a French commune and sub-prefecture of Ille-et-Vilaine, in the Brittany region. The presence of numerous megalithic monuments, particularly in the Fougères forest, suggests that the region was already inhabited in Neolithic times.

The creation of Fougères dates back to the Middle Ages. We find the first mention of the Château de Fougères towards the end of the 10th century, when it was then a simple wooden fortification situated on a rocky promontory, whose position advantageously dominated the Nançon valley and the surrounding marshes.

Fougères

From the twelfth century the population moved away from the banks of the Nançon and the city grew upwards, divided into two parishes: Saint-Sulpice for the lower city and Saint-Léonard for the upper city. The economy then is based on the tanneries, weavers and drapers.

In the 16th century the city lost its defensive role. The craft continues to develop, particularly pewter work. During the Wars of Religion, the city remained Catholic while Vitré was affected by clashes with the Huguenots.

At the beginning of the 20th century, industry gradually replaced craftsmanship and the manufacture of footwear grew little by little.

During the Oil Crisis of 1973, shoe factories gradually closed. From here the industry diversified: agri-food, furniture, mechanics, glass, electronics, computing and robotics. Fougères also organizes an important cattle market. Beginning in the 2000s, the city became more open to tourism, thanks to the development of its medieval castle and historic quarters.

A little less than an hour after leaving we were parking in one of the car parks in the town that was free, at least at this time.

As soon as we leave the car park, we find ourselves in front of the Château de Fougères.

Fougères

The Château de Fougères, was built in the 10th century and destroyed in 1166, what we can now see is a reconstruction that spans from the 12th to the 15th century. It can be visited by paying €8.50 ($10.25).

Next to the Château de Fougères is the Église Saint-Sulpice de Fougères. Built between the moats of the castle and the old course of the river Nançon, in the medieval quarter of the tanners between the 12th and 16th centuries, it constitutes the heart of the bourg-vieil (ville-basse).

Nearby there was a path that was supposed to lead to a viewpoint called Butte à Bigot. Do not go. You don’t see a shit.

We get off the trickster and we walk through the medieval quarter until we reach the public garden.

Fougères

We climb the hills of the public garden until we reach the Eglise Saint-Léonard. From there we can admire magnificent views.

Fougères

The Eglise Saint-Léonard was built in the 12th century by the monks of Pontlevoy on the plateau overlooking the castle of Ferns.

Since it was too late, we decided to cancel the visit to Vitré and go directly to Rennes, where we have the hotel for the night.

Fougères
Fougères

About 40 minutes after leaving, we arrived at the hotel. We chose the Novotel Rennes Alma. Well located for us since it was next to the exit of the ring road that headed straight for Nantes so as not to lose time the next day. The bad thing is that, to get to the center of Rennes, you have to use public transport.

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Hotels in France

The hotel surprised us but not for the better. There was no elevator. It only has two floors but climbing the stairs loaded with suitcases is a chore. Also, he looked quite old. The room was very spacious and we had free teas and instant coffees in the room.

Rennes

Rennes is the capital of the Bretagne region and capital of the Ille-et-Vilaine department. It was founded between the 2nd and 1st centuries b.C. as the capital of the Gallic tribe of the redons, then called Condate. During the Roman Empire it became an important urban nucleus.

The city became one of the most important towns in the border region of the Duchy of Bretagne during the Middle Ages with the arrival of the Breton peoples.

Following the annexation of the Duchy of Bretagne to the Kingdom of France, it becomes a provincial capital and hosts the Parliament of Bretagne.

We left the hotel and went to the subway, which was about 15 minutes from the hotel. We took line A for €1.50 ($1.80) each ticket, which is valid for one hour, and went to République station.

We exit the metro and find ourselves next to the Palais du Commerce. Built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it is an old stock exchange. The building housed the library, the Regional School of Fine Arts or the National Conservatory of Music. A post office and the Café de la Paix have been present in the building since the first inauguration.

Rennes

We go for a walk to the center of the city. Very close we reach the Place de la Mairie. In it we can find the Hôtel de Ville and the Opéra de Rennes.

The Hôtel de Ville was built between 1734 and 1743 by Ange-Jacques Gabriel after the great fire of Rennes in 1720, while Toussaint-François Rallier du Baty was mayor. It housed in its north wing the faculties of law and science from 1840. The chemistry cabinet, occupied in particular by professor Faustino Malaguti until 1855, was in the current mayor’s office.

Rennes

The Opéra de Rennes is an Italian-style hall designed by Charles Millardet and built by Pierre Louise in the 19th century. Today, the building mainly houses lyrical art and hosts some local events, such as the open-air opera.

Rennes

Nearby is the Palace of the Parliament of Bretagne. It is a building of classical architecture built in the 17th century and was the seat of the Parliament of Bretagne from its construction until its dissolution by the French Revolution in February 1790. The building became the Rennes Court of Appeal in 1804. This monument it was completely restored after the fire of February 5, 1994, as a result of an incident related to the violent demonstrations of fishermen.

Rennes

We continue walking through the beautiful medieval center of Rennes until we reach the Basilique Saint-Aubin in Notre-Dame de Bonne-Nouvelle. It is a minor Catholic basilica located on the Place Sainte-Anne. Its construction began in 1884 and to this day it remains unfinished. Apart from that, they are fixing the surroundings so the compound is closed and full of construction materials.

Rennes

To one side is the Le Couvent des Jacobins – Center des Congrès de Rennes Métropole. It is an old religious building and a former barracks built in 1369. It includes an abbey, a cloister and convent buildings. In 2018, the building became the Rennes Métropole convention center.

For dinner, while walking, we booked a hamburger place with a very good aspect. It’s called Back to the 60’s and as it indicates, it’s set in the United States of the 60’s. Since it closed late and it was full, we continued walking.

After a while we came back and it was still full but we still went in. We waited 20 minutes and got a table. It must be said that, indeed, they were a scandal and it was not too expensive. All the burgers were around €15 ($18.15) and came with a bunch of fries and a little bit of salad.

After dinner we returned to the subway to go to the hotel to rest. Taking out the ticket, a girl who had just gotten off arrived and gave us her ticket, which was still valid. She explained to us that it is standard practice to leave them on top of the machine for people to use. There we realized that there were quite a few bills in all of them. In fact, there were signs saying that it was prohibited. When we got to our stop, we did the same thing. Wherever you go, do what you see…

March 8th

We get up early with a bit of rain and we set off for Nantes. At first we were going to separate an hour and a half but the surroundings of the hotel were all cut off by a popular race for Women’s Day.

Nantes

Nantes is the capital of the Loire-Atlantique Department and is located on the banks of the homonymous river.

It is believed that during Roman times its name was Condevicnum and it was the capital of a town called “Namnetes” and was part of the Lugdunense province (whose capital was Lugdunum, present-day Lyon).

Imperial rule over Nantes ended at the beginning of the 5th century, and the city was successively part of the Kingdom of Clovis, the Frankish Kingdom of Neustria, and the Carolingian Empire.

In the year 843, the Vikings invaded Nantes for the first time. They settled on an island in the area and over almost 100 years they made several attempts to conquer it. They were definitively expelled in 937 by the Breton duke Alain Barbetorte, who made the city his capital. But, after his death, the dukedom passed to the counts of Rennes.

Nantes

In the middle of the 11th century, Count Hoel de Cornouaille inherited the County of Nantes and married the heir to the Duchy of Brittany. During the Hundred Years’ War, Nantes was besieged by the English in 1343, attacked by the Earl of Buckingham, and subsequently liberated by Olivier de Clisson in 1380.

It was besieged again in 1491 by the King of France, Charles VIII, to whom it was delivered for treason, marrying Duchess Anne of Brittany to legitimize the rights he had just acquired over Anne’s inheritance.

As a result of these marriages, Brittany, as well as the city of Nantes, was officially incorporated into France in 1532. Nantes ceased to be the capital of Brittany, becoming Rennes.

Between the 15th and 19th centuries it was the most important Atlantic slave trading port in all of France.

After a thousand turns and on the verge of desperation, we managed to reach the back of the hotel where the parking entrance was.

The hotel we chose was the Ibis Nantes center Gare Sud. Right in the center of Nantes but easy to get to by car in normal conditions, in fact, leaving the city was not difficult at all. Parking cost us €13 ($15.73) extra.

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Hotels in Nantes

We left things in storage because it was early and we are going to see Nantes.

Right next to the hotel is La Tour Lu. The tower belongs to the old LU (biscuit) factory opened in 1895. Two corner towers were built in 1909 but were damaged by bombing during World War II. Today only one of them remains, which was restored to its original state by the architect Jean-Marie Lépinay at the end of the 1990s.

Nantes

From here we cross a bridge to the outside of the Château des ducs de Bretagne, the castle of the Dukes of Bretagne. It served as the center of the historic province of Brittany until its separation in 1956.

It is located on the right bank of the Loire river, which previously fed its ditches. It was the residence of the dukes of Bretagne between the 13th and 16th centuries, later becoming the Breton residence of the French monarchy. Today the castle houses the Nantes History Museum.

Nantes

Next to the castle is the tourist office. We go in for a bit of information. The girl who attended us had a terrible time the poor thing because she spoke little english.

We entered the castle since walking along the top of the wall is free. Despite the rain and the cold, walking the walls is very good, you enjoy good views of the surroundings.

Nantes

On one of the sides, there was a very long slide that went to the pit but it only opens in summer if the weather allows it. Now, it’s really ugly.

From here we went for a walk in the rain to the Cathédrale Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul, the cathedral of the Diocese of Nantes and seat of the Bishop of Nantes. Its construction spanned 457 years, from 1434 to 1891, but these delays in no way affect the quality or consistency of its Gothic style. It has been classified as a historical monument since 1862.

Nantes

Inside you can admire the tomb and effigies of Duke Francis II of Bretagne and his wife Margaret of Foix (parents of Anne of Bretagne). This marble tomb, which Michel Colombe took five years to complete (1502-1507), is decorated with the twelve apostles and four women who represent strength, prudence, temperance and justice. It was installed in the cathedral in 1817.

Nantes

The building also houses the cenotaph of General de Lamoricière, a monument erected in 1878 in papal tribute to the services rendered by this son of Nantes.

Nantes
Nantes

Leaving the cathedral, we noticed that there was a green line on the ground. It turns out that they have marked the tourist tours of the city. In addition, at certain points there is an eye drawn, a perfect point to contemplate the monument.

We were already a little hungry but it was early. Next to the cathedral there was a pastry bakery where there was a long queue that stretched down the street. This has to be very tasty, so we got in line.

The site is called La Boulangerie d’Antan. It had a million kinds of bread, cakes and sandwiches. We bought some typical sweets from Nantes called bottereaux, which are like a kind of small square donuts, and also a brioche I don’t know which was very good.

Very close we passed in front of a starbucks. Although we don’t like it very much, we decided to go in to see if, being a franchise, the coffee was less bad. I ordered a warm matchalatte and Sara ordered a coffee that was less bad but not good.

With our bodies warm, we approach the nearby Place Royale. It was designed in 1786 by the architect Mathurin Crucy and built in 1790 after the destruction of the medieval walls. The fountain was built in 1865.

Next to the fountain there was a group of people making a claim for Women’s Day.

Nantes

Behind the Place Royale is the Basilique Saint-Nicolas. It is a neo-gothic style basilica. The current building was built between 1844 and 1869, although as early as 1186 there are signs of a religious building.

Nantes

Nearby is also the Passage Pommeraye, a market gallery built from the end of 1840. Its construction led to the ruin of its promoter, Louis Pommeraye.

The passage, considered an architectural success, was still a flourishing place of commerce. It has benefited from a renovation completed in 2015. The site is certainly gorgeous.

Nantes

A little further on we come to Place Graslin. This is one of the main squares in the city center of which the most significant monument is the Graslin Theater, which is Nantes’ opera house built at the end of the 17th century.

Nantes

While we are on our way to Les Machines de l’Île, we are looking for somewhere to eat, but nothing is open. On a Sunday at noon all restaurants closed? live to see.

Arriving at the esplanade where the Les Machines de l’Île site is located, we see that there is a small cafeteria called Café de la Branche, so we go in to look. They had sandwiches and sandwiches so we ate au gratin sandwiches that came on a plate with salad that was very good and cost €7.50 ($9.07).

Nantes

After eating, the first tour of the Grand Éléphant began, the star of the Les Machines de l’Île exhibition.

Les Machines de l’île is an exhibition and entertainment space created by François Delarozière and Pierre Orefice that is located on the Ile de Nantes, in the Parc des Chantiers, on the site of former shipyards now in disuse. The island’s machines are at the crossroads of Jules Verne’s “invented worlds”, the mechanical universe of Leonardo da Vinci and the industrial history of Nantes.

Les Machines de l’Île

We made a long queue to be able to buy the ticket. The price of admission to the exhibition is €8.50 ($10.30). With this same ticket you get a discount of €1.60 ($1.94) if you want to get on the Carrousel des Mondes Marins. But if instead of riding the carousel you just want to see it, they charge you €6.30 ($7.60). Good business. The ride on the Grand Éléphant costs another €8.50 ($10.30).

The exhibition is pretty cool. It consists of various machines in the shape of animals imitating their movements where they tell you various stories about them. The explanations are in French but in many places you have QR codes with which you download an application where they are also given in various languages. You also have access to the workshops in which they show an explanatory video of how everything has been assembled. It is in french but subtitled in english.

Les Machines de l’Île
Les Machines de l’Île

On leaving, we approached the Carrousel des Mondes Marins but since they put many images in the explanatory video, we didn’t pay the 6€ since we weren’t going to get on.

From here we went for a walk along the banks of the Loire River to the hotel to check-in and rest a bit.

The walk along the riverbank had been recommended to us by the girl at the information office, but the truth is that there is nothing remarkable about it.

The hotel follows the same line as the Ibis. The room was a bit small, but having stayed twice in tiny Japanese hotel rooms, we don’t mind too much. The best thing is that it has great views of the Château des Ducs de Bretagne and the cathedral.

Nantes
Views from the room

After the break we go out again for a walk. We walked through Les cours Saint-Pierre et Saint-André, which are two boulevards that run behind the cathedral and are separated by a square where there is a column that pays homage to Louis XVI.

Nantes
Nymphea

We reached the nearby Eglise Saint Clément and retraced our steps. We pass by the Erdre river canal, where they show a video of a girl’s face in the water. Silly but curious. It’s called Nymphea.

From here we went to the old town to find somewhere to have dinner. We walked around the castle and followed one of the green tourist lines. The line took us to the Place du Buffau, where there is a curious sculpture of a guy with one foot outside the pedestal with which we were fooling around for a while.

We followed the green line back to the center and reached the Église Sainte-Croix de Nantes where it entered a closed shopping gallery.

We continued walking and when we arrived at the Hôtel de Ville it started to rain. We decided to go somewhere for dinner. With the pints we had we got into a very fine and modern place called Le cochon qui fume. We ate very well despite the sablazo and we went to rest at the hotel.

March 9th

Last hours in France. We got up early and went to the bakery the day before to buy some sandwiches to eat on the plane and some sweets. Back to the hotel we did it walking. We returned to the castle to enjoy it for a little while without rain.

Nantes

It was very sad to leave because today it was sunny and the sky was completely clear. We went back to the hotel, took the car and went to the airport. At 11.50 the flight to Granada left on time, where we arrived about 20 minutes early after a quiet flight.

Find the best activities and tours in Nantes and France with Civitatis:

A very intense and well-used three-day trip. Once again, France surprises us with its landscapes, its towns and its people. The truth is that it was well worth it and it will surely not be the last time we visit it.

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Lituania 2012 (II): visitamos Klaipėda y las dunas gigantes de Neringa

En nuestro periplo por tierras Lituanas hoy mudamos el campamento y nos vamos hasta Klaipeda.

Klaipėda es la tercera ciudad más poblada de Lituania y el principal puerto marítimo del país, situado en la costa del mar Báltico.

Como siempre, recomendamos el seguro de viaje de IATI, especialistas en seguros de vieja. Además, por ser nuestro lector, obtendrás un 5% de descuento en la contratación de tu seguro:

Iati seguros

Breve historia de Klaipėda

La ciudad se funda en 1252 por la Órden Teutónica. Entonces es llamada Castrum Memele (en alemán Memelburg) y siendo cristianizada toda el área.

La Paz del Mar Melno en 1422 fijó la hermandad entre la provincia de Prusia y Lituania. Memel se incluyó en Prusia y la frontera permaneció inalterada hasta 1919. Fue una de las fronteras más largas sin cambios en Europa.

A comienzos de 1474 Memel fue gobernada por la Ley Culm de las ciudades prusianas.

En 1525, el Ducado de Memel adoptó el luteranismo bajo el reinado de Alberto de Prusia. Fue el comienzo de un largo periodo de prosperidad para la ciudad y el puerto. Ya que el Ducado de Prusia fue un feudo polaco y más tarde parte de la Comunidad de naciones Polaco-Lituana. Esa prosperidad llegó a su final cuando, entre 1629 y 1635, Memel fue atacada y ocupada por Suecia.

Con la creación del Estado unificado alemán en 1871, Memel se convirtió en la ciudad más al noreste de Alemania. Tras el Tratado de Versalles el territorio que rodeaba a Memel es separado de Alemania y recibe una autonomía bajo ocupación francesa.

En 1923 tropas lituanas bajo el mando del coronel Budrys atacaron la ciudad y los franceses se retiraron.

Laguna de Curlandia

Memel fue reabsorbida por el Reich alemán el 22 de marzo de 1939, tras la anexión de Austria, los Sudetes y Checoslovaquia. En enero de 1945 la ciudad es capturada por el Ejército Rojo y entregada a Lituania.

1 de agosto

A las 11.35 salió el bus desde la estación de Vilnius. Durante el trayecto sucedió algo que me dejo impresionado. En cierto momento por la autopista, adelantamos a un viejo coche que iba remolcado por un seat Ibiza medienta una cuerda normal y corriente, atada al parachoques. Esto en España te pillan y te meten un paquete que te cagas.

Algo menos de 4 horas más tarde llegábamos a la estación de Klaipėda. Desde aquí nos fuimos dando un paseo hasta nuestro hotel, el National Hotel. Un hotel de 4 estrellas muy céntrico y bastante barato.

Encuentra el mejor hotel al mejor precio en Klaipeda con Agoda:

hoteles en Klaipeda

Dejamos las cosas y nos fuimos a dar un paseo por el casco antiguo de la ciudad. La parte central del barrio parece un típico pueblecito alemán. ¿Habremos cambiado de país sin darnos cuenta?

El sitio más céntrico es Teatro Aikštė, la Plaza del Teatro. Esta es la plaza central del casco antiguo de Klaipeda.

En un principio aquí se encontraba parte de los fosos del castillo. Tras ser rellenado en 1819, se abre un mercado en este lugar. Este mercado va evolucionando y creciendo a medida que pasan los años.

El edificio más reseñable de la plaza es (obviamente) es el teatro. Se desconoce el momento de la construcción del primer edificio. Según unos planos de la ciudad del siglo XVIII, aquí se encontraba un edificio de planta cuadrada llamado “Komedijų namais” (Casa de la Comedia). Anteriormente era un edificio militar.

El nuevo auge de la vida teatral en Klaipėda comenzó después de 1818, cuando llegó aquí el alemán Ulbrich. Una empresa de comercio forestal le permitió el uso gratuito de un edificio temporal de madera, donde instaló una sala de 200 asientos y abrió un teatro.

Teatro Aikštė
Teatro Aikštė

A fines del siglo XIX, se completó la construcción de un nuevo teatro. Era de ladrillo de estilo clasicista de dos plantas con buhardilla en el sitio del teatro actual. En 1854 el teatro se quema durante un incendio en la ciudad pero se reconstruye en 1857.

Para 1935 se traslada a Klaipeda el Teatro Šiauliai, una ciudad a 170 km al oeste. Funciona como Teatro Estatal de Klaipeda hasta 1939.

Por desgracia, durante nuestra visita estaba totalmente tapado. Estaban realizando obras de restauración y no pudimos contemplarlo.

Otro elemento reseñable de la plaza es el monumento a Simon Dach. Poeta nacido en 1605 en Klaipeda cuando oficialmente se llamaba Memel y pertenecía a Alemania. Se trata de una fuente instalada en 1912 cuya escultura representa a la joven descalza. Es uno de los personajes creado por el poeta.

En 1939 la escultura fue retirada de la plaza y se dice que la idea era sustituirla por una de Adolf Hitler. Para 1989 se vuelve a instalar una réplica de la escultura original.

monumento a Simon Dach

Desde aquí nos fuimos a la ribera del río Danés. Cruzamos el río por el puente Biržos. Hasta el siglo XVIII, el entonces puente de madera, además de para cruzarlo, servía para cobrar tributo a todos los barcos que quisieran pasar elevándolo.

En 1877 se inicia la construcción de un nuvo puente de acero diseñado por el ingeniero Bernstein de Wiesbaden. Se inaugura en 1879.

Para 1904 se rediseñó la parte superior para que pudieran circular por el los nuevos tranvías de la ciudad. En dicha reconstrucción el puente fue decorado con dos portales Art Nouveau calados de metal a los que se adosaron farolas.

Destruido durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, se reconstruyó con el mismo diseño en 1948. La última restauración es de 2007.

Biržos tiltas
Biržos tiltas

La ciudad debía estar en fiestas. En el parque junto al río habían varios puestecillos de comida y artesanía. Allí nos sentamos a tomar unos refrescos y comer kepta duona. Es una especie de tiras de pan frito con queso, que está buenísimo (Receta aquí).

Junto al puente encontramos Arka, un monumento construido por el escultor Arūnas Sakalauskas en 2003. Fue para conmemorar el 85 aniversario de la Ley de Tilsit y el 80 aniversario de la revuelta de Klaipėda.

La columna roja más pequeña está hecha de granito rojo y simboliza Lituania Menor y su herencia cultural. Mientras que la parte gris simboliza la Lituania propiamente dicha. La parte gris en la parte superior parece haberse roto y representa el Óblast de Kaliningrado, actualmente parte de Rusia.

La inscripción de la parte superior que dice: “Esame viena tauta, viena žemė, viena Lietuva” (“Somos una nación, una tierra, una Lituania”) son unas palabras de la escritora lituana Ieva Simonaitytė.

Klaipeda

Desde aquí nos fuimos a descansar un poco pero, de camino, pasamos por un supermercado para comprar algo de cenar. Por 18.84 Litas (5.45€) compramos un montón de cosas.

Tras el descanso dimos un pequeño paseo nocturno pero nos fuimos temprano a la cama que había que madrugar muchísimo. El día siguiente iba a ser duro, muy duro.

2 de agosto

Madrugamos mucho no, muchísimo. Hoy visitamos el istmo de Curlandia, un istmo de arena que separa el mar Báltico de la Laguna de Curlandia. Tiene una longitud de 98 km de los cuales 52 pertenecen a Lituania y el resto al Oblast de Kaliningrado en Rusia.

Según la mitología báltica, el istmo fue formado por una chica muy fuerte llamada Neringa que estaba jugando en la playa.

Laguna de Curlandia
Laguna de Curlandia

Toda la parte lituana pertenece al municipio de Neringa. Hasta la reforma del municipio lituano de 2000, se conocía como la ciudad de Neringa, aunque nunca hubo allí una verdadera “ciudad”. Se convirtió en una ciudad en la Unión Soviética en 1961 al combinar formalmente 4 asentamientos en una unidad administrativa.

A las 7.20 de la mañana estábamos tomando el transbordador de Klaipeda a Smiltynés. El trayecto nos costó 2.90 Litas (0.85€) y tarda unos 20 minutos en cruzar la laguna. Desde aquí nos subimos un bus que nos llevó hasta Nida. El trayecto nos costó 11 Litas (3.20€) y dura algo más de una hora.

Nida es la capital administrativa del municipio de Neringa y es muy conocido como destino turístico y por la colonia de artistas de Nida. Fue un movimiento artístico importante en Prusia Oriental que comenzó alrededor de 1890 y finalizó con el comienzo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Nida es es el punto más occidental de Lituania y los estados bálticos. Está cerca de la frontera con el enclave ruso del Oblast de Kaliningrado y cuenta con unos 2.300 habitantes.

Nida
Nida

Aquí compramos un snack para el camino y nos fuimos hacia un punto de alquiler de bicicletas que tenía ya fichado. Las bicis nos costaron 30 Litas (8.70€) cada una y podíamos devolverlas en cualquiera de los puntos que tenían a lo largo de todo el istmo.

Con las bicis nos dirigimos al primer punto que queríamos ver, la Parnidžio kopa, la duna Parnidis o la Gran Duna de Nida. Una duna de arena en movimiento de 52 metros de altura y se cree que su nombre, Parnidis, proviene de la frase cuyo significado es “pasó por Nida” porque esta duna arrastrada por el viento ha pasado varias veces por el pueblo de Nida.

Se puede subir a lo alto pero solo por los caminos marcados. Está estrictamente prohibido salirse de éstos para asegurar su conservación.

Parnidžio kopa, la duna Parnidis o la Gran Duna de Nida

Aparcamos las bicis y subimos las escaleras por medio del frondoso bosque que lleva a lo alto y podemos admirar las impresionantes vistas.

Parnidžio kopa, la duna Parnidis o la Gran Duna de Nida

En lo alto de la duna se encuentra Saulės laikrodis, un reloj de sol de granito construido en 1995. En 2011 tuvo que ser restaurado ya que fue destruido durante una tormenta. El reloj de sol es un pilar de piedra de 13,8 metros de altura y un peso de 36 toneladas. Desde el punto de vista astronómico, la duna de Parnidis es un lugar ideal para el reloj de sol en Lituania.

Saulės laikrodis
Saulės laikrodis

Después de admirar las espectaculares vistas nos pusimos en camino, dirección norte, hacia donde se encontraba el ferry, aunque no íbamos a llegar tan lejos. Prácticamente todo el camino lo pudimos hacer a través de carril bici. Es una maravilla ya que no te encuentras con tráfico y no te pones en peligro

La siguiente parada fue Vecekrugo kopa, la duna Vecekrugo a unos 8 km de Nida. Esta es la duna más alta de todo el istmo de Curlandia con 67 metros de altura. A ella se puede subir también por el camino marcado para admirar las vistas. Pero la verdad es que son menos impresionantes que las de la Duna Parnidis.

Vecekrugo kopa
Vecekrugo kopa

Aquí aprovechamos para descansar un poco a la sombrita y comernos lo que habíamos comprado en Nida. Tras el descanso volvimos al camino. Tras kilómetros de un paisaje espectacular combinando bosque y costa, llegamos a la ciudad de Pervalka, a unos 8 km de Vecekrugo kopa.

Pervalka es una (muy) pequeña población de unos 200 habitantes. La mayoría de casas son pequeñas construcciones de pescadores de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX y la mayoría se encuentran a ambos lados de la calle principal a lo largo de las orillas de la laguna de Curlandia.

La verdad es que el pueblo es encantador. Si un día me toca la lotería, me compro una casita de veraneo aquí.

Pervalka

Aquí compramos en una tiendecilla algo para comer, ligerito para seguir dando a los pedales. Seguimos paseando hasta llegar a la costa del mar Báltico. Concretamente a Juodkrantės bendras paplūdimys, la playa de Juodkrantės, a unos 17 km de Pervalka. Una espectacular playa de arena fina y blanca en la que daba unas ganas tremendas de despelotarse y meterse en el mar, que hacía mucho calor aquel día.

Juodkrantės bendras paplūdimy

Ya desde aquí nos dirigimos a Juodkrantė (literalmente costa negra), un pueblo turístico con unos 700 habitantes. Situado en el territorio de la antigua Prusia, fue durante siglos un pueblo de pescadores llamado Schwarzort, que experimentó un auge turístico a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX.

Aquí devolvimos las bicis, en el muelle del pueblo y allí mismo nos subimos al bus para ir hasta el ferry. Llegamos al hotel sobre las 7 de la tarde y descansamos un poco antes de ir a por algo de cena.

Klaipeda

El descanso se nos fue un poco de las manos y se nos hizo algo tarde.

Por internet había fichado un sitio para cenar y nos pusimos en camino. Tras caminar largo rato llegamos a la Klaipeda soviética: anchas avenidas y bloques enormes de viviendas. Por ese camino no había nada y la iluminación no daba para mucho. Como no encontrábamos el sitio decidimos darnos la vuelta y buscar algo en el casco antiguo. Con tan mala suerte que se había hecho demasiado tarde y ya no nos dejaron entrar a ningún restaurante (cierran a las 22.00). Así que decidimos comprar algo de comida preparada en un supermercado y comerlo tranquilamente en el hotel.

3 de agosto

Últimas horas en Klaipeda. Dimos un paseo por el casco antigo hasta llegar a las ruinas del castillo, Klaipėdos Pilis. El castillo de Klaipeda también conocido como Memelburg o Castillo de Memel fue construido por los Caballeros Teutónicos . Se desconoce el año de su construcción pero fue mencionado por primera vez en fuentes escritas en 1252 y sufrió numerosas destrucciones y reconstrucciones en los siglos siguientes.

Durante el siglo XIX, habiendo perdido su importancia estratégica, el castillo fue demolido. Se realizaron trabajos arqueológicos en el sitio durante el siglo XX, y en 2002 se estableció un museo debajo de uno de sus baluartes. Actualmente, el castillo está siendo restaurado.

Hay que decir que no nos dio tiempo de visitar el museo.

Klaipėdos Pilis
Restos de la muralla del castillo.

En el muelle se encuentra la escultura más… extraña o perturbadora que recuerdo haber visto: Klaipėdos Juodasis vaiduoklis o el fantasma negro de Klaipeda, una figura fantasmal encapuchada trepa desde el agua, sosteniendo una linterna en su mano.

Tan perturbadora escultura está relacionada con una leyenda que se remonta a 1595 cuando Hans von Heidi, uno de los guardias del castillo de Klaipėda, hacía sus rondas nocturnas cerca del puerto.

De la nada, una figura encapuchada apareció cerca de la orilla del agua. En lugar de atacar al guardia sobresaltado, le preguntó cómo estaban resistiendo los suministros de grano y madera de la ciudad. Von Heidi le informó al fantasma que la ciudad tenía suficientes suministros, pero el fantasma le advirtió que no sería suficiente. En ese momento, la aparición se desvaneció.

En los viejos tiempos, por supuesto, la gente se inclinaba a creer las palabras de fantasmas, brujas, duendes y gigantes. Y así, Hans von Heidi informó obedientemente a sus superiores de su encuentro fantasmal, y la ciudad se dispuso a aumentar sus suministros de madera y grano. Luego siguieron unos años sombríos de hambre y escasez, a los que la gente de Klaipėda solo sobrevivió gracias a la advertencia del fantasma.

En 2010 se instaló la escultura, obra Svajunas Jurkus y Sergejus Plotnikovas y y rinde homenaje al fantasma salvador de la ciudad.

Klaipėdos Juodasis vaiduoklis

Aquí damos por finalizada nuestra visita a Klaipeda y Neringa. Tocaba volver a la estación a tomar el bus a un nuevo destino: Kaunas.

Aquí les dejamos un mapa con los puntos visitados en este viaje:

Encuentra actividades interesantes para hacer en Klaipeda y Neringa con Civitatis:

ENTRADA SIGUIENTE

Lituania 2012 (I): visitamos Vilnius y Trakai

Este año buscábamos un destino “exótico”, un destino poco visitado por españoles y lo conseguimos. Viajamos a Lituania, empezando por su capital: Vilnius.

29 de Julio

Para ello tuvimos que ir a Málaga, donde tomamos un vuelo con Ryan Air hasta Barcelona.

Despegamos puntuales a las 8.50 de la mañana. En algo menos de 2 horas ya estábamos en el aeropuerto del Prat. Paseo por aquí, bocata por allá y cambio de moneda por otro lado. A las 16.30 despegábamos rumbo de Vilnius, la capital de Lituania.

Iati seguros

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Cabe reseñar que hasta 2015 funcionó su moneda nacional: el Litas. Fue a partir de ahí que empezó a circular el Euro.

A las 21.05 aterrizábamos en Vilnius. Salimos del aeropuerto y tomamos el tren hasta la estación central. Desde aquí nos separaban unos 10 minutos hasta el hotel.

Elegimos el Europa Royale Vilnius, un hotel bastante céntrico de 4 estrellas que nos costó 66€ la noche con desayuno.

Encuentra el mejor hotel al mejor precio en Vilnius con Agoda.

hoteles en Vilna

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Cenamos algo en una pizzeria cercana: Charlie Pizza, que es una cadena, y nos fuimos a descansar para madrugar.

30 de Julio

Madrugamos, desayunamos y nos fuimos a conocer la ciudad. De momento llueve a ratos.

Muy cerca del hotel, de camino al centro, llegamos primero a la Plaza del Ayuntamiento (Rotušės aikštė). En ella encontramos (lógicamente) el edificio del ayuntamiento (Vilniaus rotušė). El ayuntamiento de Vilnius se mencionó por primera vez en 1432. Inicialmente era un edificio de estilo gótico y desde entonces ha sido reconstruido muchas veces.

El edificio actual data de 1799. Está construido en estilo Neoclásico según planos del arquitecto lituano Laurynas Gucevičius, aunque aún se conservan las bodegas góticas más antiguas.

Ayuntamiento de Vilnius

Seguimos bajando dirección catedral. A pocos metros de la plaza del ayuntamiento nos encontramos con la iglesia ortodoxa Šv. kankinės Paraskevės cerkvė (Mártir Paraskevės). Es la iglesia ortodoxa oriental más antigua del país y una de las dos únicas iglesias ortodoxas que hablan en lituano.

La primera iglesia se construyó donde se encontraba un templo pagano a petición de María Yaroslavna de Vitebsk. Fue la primera esposa del Gran Duque Algirdas y fue enterrada aquí tras su muerte en 1346.

La iglesia quedó completamente destruida por un incendio en 1557. Se reconstruyó tres años después, pero se incendió nuevamente en 1611. Estando en ruinas, fue entregada a los católicos orientales locales. En 1655, fue devuelta a la Iglesia Ortodoxa y renovada.

Durante la Gran Guerra del Norte, en 1705, con Vilna invadida y saqueada por el ejército moscovita, la iglesia fue visitada por el zar ruso Pedro el Grande, quien rezó allí por la victoria militar.

Šv. kankinės Paraskevės cerkvė

En 1748, el edificio quedó nuevamente destruido por un incendio y reconstruido en 1795. Sin embargo, permaneció cerrado durante los siguientes cuarenta años, cayendo lentamente en decadencia. En 1864, por orden del gobierno local ruso, Nikolay Chagin la reconstruyó en estilo neobizantino.

Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial volvió a quedar destruida. Se reconstruyó rápidamente pero el gobierno Stalinista prohibió que se celebraran los cultos ortodoxos. Entonces se convirtió en una galería de arte hasta que en 1990 fue devuelta a la iglesia ortodoxa.

Aquí empieza (o mejor dicho acaba) Pilies Gatvé (calle Pillies) una de las calles principales del casco antiguo de Vilnius. Es una calle muy animada llena de restaurantes, terrazas y tiendas. El sitio ideal para comprar tus recuerdos.

Pilies Gatvé
Torre Gediminas desde Pillies Gatvé

Recorremos toda Pillies y llegamos hasta la Plaza de la Catedral (Katedros aikštė). Aquí encontramos varios elementos destacables, empezando por la Catedral de Vilnius (Vilniaus katedra).

Catedral de Vilnius (Vilniaus katedra)
Catedral de Vilnius.

La Catedral de San Estanislao y San Ladislao es la principal catedral católica romana de Lituania.

Fue el Rey Mindaugas quien ordenó su construcción en el año 1251. En este lugar se adoraba en época precristiana al dios pagano báltico Perkūnas. Es el dios del trueno, la lluvia, las montañas, los robles y el cielo.

Tras la muerte de Mindaugas en 1263, el templo volvió a ser un lugar de culto a Perkūnas.

En 1387, año en que Lituania se convierte oficialmente al cristianismo, empieza la construcción de una segunda catedral gótica. Es devorada por un incendio en 1419.

Durante los preparativos para su coronación como rey de Lituania en 1429, Vytautas construye otra catedral gótica más grande en su lugar. Aunque dicha coronación nunca tuvo lugar, aun se conservan los muros y los pilares.

En 1522, se renovó la catedral y se construyó un campanario sobre la torre defensiva del Castillo Inferior.

Tras otro incendio en 1530, se reconstruyó de nuevo y entre 1534 y 1557 se añadieron más capillas y criptas. La catedral adquirió rasgos arquitectónicos asociados al Renacimiento.

Catedral de Vilnius (Vilniaus katedra)

El edificio actual se construyó en estilo neoclásico entre 1779 y 1783 según el diseño del arquiteco lituano Laurynas Gucevičius.

Durante el régimen soviético, la catedral se convirtió en un almacén. En 1988 se volvieron a celebrar misas.

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Lo que más nos llamó la atención fue el campanario, separado del resto del edificio. Se construyó en el siglo XIII y era originalmente una torre defensiva del castillo medieval. Su imagen actual se debe a principios del siglo XIX y alberga el reloj más antiguo de Lituania.

En la plaza también encontramos el monumento al Gran Duque Gediminas, construido en 1996 por Vytautas Kašuba.

Gediminas gobernó entre 1315 y 1341 el Gran Ducado de Lituania. Hoy ocuparia Lituania, Bielorrusia, Ucrania y Moldavia, así como Podlaquia en Polonia y Smolensk, Briansk y Kursk hoy en Rusia.

monumento al Gran Duque Gediminas

Tras la catedral se encuentra el Palacio de los Grandes Duques de Lituania. Construido en el siglo XV para los gobernantes del Gran Ducado de Lituania y los futuros reyes de Polonia. Se construyó en el castillo inferior de Vilnius. Fue reformado y ampliado durante los siglos XVI y mediados del XVII.

Tras la invasión rusa de 1655 el palacio quedó gravemente dañado y sus tesoros y objetos de valor saqueados. Después de la reconquista de la ciudad en 1661 el palacio quedó abandonado durante 150 años.

Lo poco que quedaba del palacio se destruyó en 1801. Fue tras la incorporación del Gran Ducado de Lituania al Imperio Ruso.

El edificio actual es una reconstrucción igual al original llevada a cabo entre el año 2000 y 2013. Aunque se inauguró oficialmente en 2009. Por lo que no era visitable cuando nosotros estuvimos.

Hoy en día alberga el Museo Nacional de Lituania.

Palacio de los Grandes Duques de Lituania
Palacio de los Grandes Duques de Lituania.

Frente a la fachada principal de la Catedral, encontramos la baldosa que dice Stebuklas (“milagro” en lituano) también conocido como Ladrillo Mágico. Se colocó para conmemorar la cadena humana que recorrió las tres repúblicas bálticas en 1990. Fue para pedir la independencia de la URSS.

Desde su colocación se convirtió en una atracción para los transeúntes.

Durante un tiempo después fue posible observar formas alternativas de interpretarla. La gente pensó que la baldosa era un lugar para formular deseos, pero no sabían lo que había que hacer. Algunos pisan la baldosa y giran sobre su eje, otros saltan sobre ella.

Stebuklas

Desde aquí nos fuimos de camino a la Torre Gediminas. Para ello íbamos a usar el funicular por falta de ganas de subir andando.

Bordeamos la catedral dirección norte pasando por la entrada del que era en ese momento el Museo Nacional de Lituania. Hoy sigue siendo parte de él.

Museo Nacional de Lituania

El museo se funda en 1952 y abarca una amplia colección de artefactos y materiales escritos. También organiza excavaciones arqueológicas en Lituania.

Su predecesor fue Museo de Antigüedades de Vilna, fundado por Eustachy Tyszkiewicz en 1855. Aunque en su origen, el museo se centraba en la cultura e historia del Gran Ducado de Lituania.

A parte de en el recién reconstruido Palacio de los Grandes Duques de Lituania, también ocupa el nuevo arsenal del Complejo de castillos de Vilna.

Dentro del recinto del arsenal se encuentra el Funicular para subir a la torre (Keltuvas į Gedimino kalną). Nos costó 2 LT (0.57€). El trayecto dura apenas 1 minuto.

Keltuvas į Gedimino kalną

El funicular te deja junto a la Torre Gediminas (Gedimino pilies bokštas). Forma parte de los restos del antiguo castillo de Vilnius.

Originalmente el castillo era una fortificación de madera. Fue el Gran Duque de Lituania Gediminas el que construyó el primer castillo de ladrillos, finalizado en 1409.

La torre actual se debe a una reconstrucción de 1933.

La Torre de Gediminas es un importante símbolo estatal e histórico de la ciudad de Lituania. Fue desde donde se izó la bandera lituana el 7 de octubre de 1988, durante el movimiento de independencia. Este finalizó con la Ley de Restablecimiento del Estado de Lituania el 11 de marzo de 1990.

Torre Gediminas (Gedimino pilies bokštas)

Sobre el castillo pesa una leyenda que dice así:

Hace mucho tiempo, el gran duque lituano Gediminas cazaba en los bosques del valle de Šventaragis. La caza tuvo éxito y el duque Gediminas derribó un toro salvaje en la cima de una colina; pero sus miembros se cansaron, por lo que el duque se retiró y pasó la noche allí.

Entonces Gediminas soñó que, en la cima de la misma colina donde había estado cazando ese día, estaba parado un gran lobo hecho de hierro, y estaba aullando tan fuerte como si fueran cien lobos.

El duque le pidió al mago de la corte, Lizdeika, que le explicara su sueño. Él lo interpretó así: se trataba de un presagio que indicaba que debía construir una ciudad en este lugar, que más tarde sería conocida en todo el mundo y se convertiría en la magnífica capital de Lituania.

Gediminas, obedeciendo la voluntad de los dioses, comienza a construir la futura ciudad capital y un castillo en el centro de la misma. La ciudad fue nombrada Vilnius por el cercano río Vilnia. La Torre de Gediminas es la única parte sobreviviente de ese castillo construido por Gediminas.

Vilnius

La entrada nos costó 5 Lt (1.44€) y desde lo alto de la torre tenemos unas espectaculares vistas de la ciudad.

Desde aquí podemos observar perfectamente el monumento de las Tres Cruces (Trys kryžiai) en el lugar donde, según cuenta una leyenda, fueron decapitados siete frailes franciscanos. Desde principios del siglo XVII se instalaron unas cruces de madera como homenaje.

En 1916 se instaló un monumento obra del arquitecto y escultor polaco-lituano Antoni Wiwulski, destruido en 1950 por orden de los dirigentes de la Unión Soviética. El monumento actual es obra del escultor Henrikas Šilgalis y fue instalado en 1989.

Tres Cruces (Trys kryžiai)

Emprendemos la bajada, dando un agradable paseo en vez de volver a tomar el funicular y nos dirigimos a la Iglesia de Santa Ana (Vilniaus Šv. Onos bažnyčia). Se trata de una iglesia católica romana consagrada en el año 1495 construida en estilo gótico tardío.

La primera iglesia se construyó para Anna, la Gran Duquesa de Lituania, primera esposa de Vytautas el Grande. Ésta iglesia, construida en madera, queda destruida por un incendio en 1419.

La actual se reconstruye por orden del rey de Polonia y gran duque de Lituania Alejandro I Jagiellon. Tras otro voraz incendio en 1582, se llevó a cabo otra reconstrucción financiada por Mikołaj “el Negro” Radziwiłł y Jerzy Radziwił.

Iglesia de Santa Ana (Vilniaus Šv. Onos bažnyčia)

Según una conocida leyenda, el emperador Napoleón, después de ver la iglesia durante la guerra franco-rusa en 1812, expresó su deseo de llevarse la iglesia a su casa en París “en la palma de su mano”.

Durante la era soviética, la iglesia permaneció abierta e incluso es renovada entre 1960 y 1970 cuando las torres estaban en mal estado.

Iglesia de Santa Ana (Vilniaus Šv. Onos bažnyčia)

Tras visitar la iglesia de Santa Ana nos volvimos hacia Pillies y nos sentamos en una terraza a probar la cerveza lituana. He de decir, que de todos los países que he visitado, es en Lituania donde he tomado la mejor cerveza y sigue sin ser superada.

Lituania

Como ha dejado de llover si se ha despejado el día, nos volvemos a la plaza de la catedral a disfrutarla con tranquilidad y sin paraguas.

Desde aquí nos dirigimos hacia la Universidad de Vilnius pero, de camino, pasamos por el Palacio Presidencial (Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidento kanceliarija).

La historia del Palacio se remonta al único documento escrito hace más de 600 años: el edicto del Gran Duque Jogaila del 17 de febrero de 1387.

Después de que Lituania se convirtiera al cristianismo en 1387, el Gran Duque Jogaila fundó la Diócesis de Vilnius, donándole un terreno cerca del “Jardín Goštauto en las afueras de la ciudad de Vilnius”.

Palacio Presidencial (Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidento kanceliarija)

El primer obispo de Vilnius, Andrius Vasila (1388-1398), construyó el Palacio Episcopal que fue decorado, reconstruido y ampliado por sus sucesivos propietarios.

Durante el obispado de Paulius Olšeniškis (1536-1555), uno de los obispos más ricos, el palacio era el edificio más bello tras el Castillo Real. Entonces estaba rodeado por un gran parque que, por su vegetación y paisajismo, superaba incluso a los maravillosos jardines de Radvila.

El último obispo que vivió en el Palacio fue el obispo Masalskis (1730-1762).

Después de que Lituania pasara a formar parte del imperio ruso, el Palacio Episcopal se convirtió en residencia temporal del emperador ruso, los duques y otros nobles.

Palacio Presidencial (Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidento kanceliarija)

El palacio, el más magnífico y respetable de su época, fue la residencia del zar Pavel I en 1796, Stanislav August Poniatowski en 1797 y el futuro rey de Francia Luis XVIII en 1804.

A una profunda reforma realizada entre 1824 y 1834 según el diseño de Vasily Stasov se debe l edificio actual, un renombrado arquitecto de la Corte del Zar en San Petersburgo.

En 1920, antes de que Polonia perdiera el distrito de Vilnius, el Palacio albergaba el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Lituania y la agencia de noticias ELTA.

El palacio se puede visitar mediante visitas guiadas.

Junto al palacio se encuentra el antiguo campus de la Universidad de Vilnius (Vilniaus universitetas). La Universidad de Vilnius, uno de los centros de educación superior más antiguos y famosos del este y el norte de Europa, se funda en 1579.

Universidad de Vilnius (Vilniaus universitetas)

Funcionando durante mucho tiempo como la única escuela de educación superior en Lituania, fue un guardián de las tradiciones culturales y científicas, jugando un papel importante en la vida cultural de los países vecinos.

La construcción de los edificios de la universidad se llevó a cabo a lo largo de los siglos bajo las cambiantes influencias de los estilos gótico, renacentista, barroco y clásico.

El complejo es enorme y se puede visitar una gran parte libre y nos costó 5 Lt (1.45€) cada uno.

Universidad de Vilnius (Vilniaus universitetas)

Entramos desde la calle Šv. Jono. Aquí encontramos un kiosquillo donde compramos las entradas y pasamos al Gran Patio, donde encontramos los edificios más reseñables del complejo: la biblioteca (Vilniaus universiteto biblioteka). Y Iglesia de San Juan Bautista y San Juan Apóstol y Evangelista (Vilniaus Šv. Jono Krikštytojo ir Šv. Jono apaštalo ir evangelisto bažnyčia) madre mía los nombres lituanos…

La iglesia se construye entre 1388 y 1426; y reconstruida en los siglos XVI y XVII. La torre, separada de la propia iglesia, en el siglo XVI.

Después del incendio de 1737, de 1738 a 1748, el arquitecto Johann Christoph Glaubitz reconstruyó completamente la iglesia en estilo barroco tardío.

En la época soviética, la iglesia se cierra y queda gravemente dañada.

Durante la ocupación de Hitler, el reverendo Alfonsas Lipniūnas, quien luego fue encarcelado por los nazis en el campo de Stutthof y murió, pronunció sermones rebeldes en la iglesia.

En 1979 la iglesia pasa a ser el Museo Universitario y, en 1991, tras la independencia de Lituania, se le devuelve a los feligreses.

Universidad de Vilnius (Vilniaus universitetas)

De vuelta al Gran Patio, entramos a la Biblioteca Universitaria. Se funda en 1570 por los jesuitas que llegaron a Lituania por invitación del obispo de Vilnius Walerian Protasewicz, siendo la biblioteca académica más antigua de los países bálticos y alberga más de 5 millones de documentos.

En 1579, después de confirmar el estatus de universidad para el Colegio Jesuita de Vilnius, la biblioteca se convirtió oficialmente en biblioteca universitaria.

Después de la Supresión de la Compañía de Jesús en 1773, la Comisión Educativa se hizo cargo de la Universidad de Vilnius y eso significó un cambio en el enfoque de la investigación: los fondos de la Biblioteca se complementaron con libros sobre ciencias naturales y medicina.

Destaca la pequeña librería, sobre todo por los espectaculares frescos del techo y arcos. Una maravilla.

Universidad de Vilnius (Vilniaus universitetas)
Universidad de Vilnius (Vilniaus universitetas)

De la librería pasamos a la facultad de filología, donde seguían los frescos adornando los techos y paredes. ¿Cómo estudiar aquí con tanto distraimiento?

Universidad de Vilnius (Vilniaus universitetas)
Universidad de Vilnius (Vilniaus universitetas)

Terminamos la visita viendo el exterior del Observatorio Astronómico, donde nos sentamos a descansar un poco ya que se estaba muy tranquilo.

Universidad de Vilnius (Vilniaus universitetas)

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Se empezaba a hacer tarde para comer para los europeos, no para los españoles.

Decidimos comer en un sitio que había fichado en la calle Didžioji, donde termina la calle Pillies, llamado Čili Pica.

Čili es una cadena de restaurantes con varios tipos de restaurantes. Este en concreto era pizzería pero tenían tambien hamburguesas y platos tradicionales lituanos, que era lo que nos interesaba. Si te interesa conocer más sobre la gastronomía lituana. Pica en este enlace y descubrirás algunas recetas deliciosas.

Comimos muy bien, tanto que repetiríamos en diferentes ciudades. Y además muy barato: 40.95 Lt (12€) entrante, dos platos y dos refrescos.

Tras la comida decidimos ir a descansar un poco al hotel.

Después del merecido descanso, seguimos con las visitas turísticas. Empezando por la iglesia de Santa Teresa (Vilniaus Šv. Teresės bažnyčia), una iglesia católica construida en 1650 por los carmelitas descalzos.

iglesia de Santa Teresa (Vilniaus Šv. Teresės bažnyčia)

La iglesia fue diseñada y construida en estilo barroco por Jonas Ulrich, el arquitecto de la mansión Radvilas. La fachada principal fue diseñada por Konstantinas Tenkala y fue consagrada por el obispo de Vilnius, Jurgis Tiškevičius.

La iglesia quedó gravemente dañada durante un incendio en 1760 pero fue rápidamente reconstruida entre 1763 y 1765, añadiéndose el campanario.

A unos 20 metros al norte encontramos la Puerta de la Aurora o del Alba (Aušros vartai), la única conservada de las diez puertas de la antigua ciudad medieval y uno de sus más importantes monumentos religiosos, históricos y culturales. Es un importante lugar de peregrinación católica en Lituania.

Fue construida entre 1503 y 1522 como parte de las fortificaciones defensivas de la ciudad de Vilnius, la capital del Gran Ducado de Lituania. Era conocida como Puerta Medininkai, ya que conducía al pueblo Medininkai al sur de Vilnius, así como a Aštra broma.

Las otras nueve puertas de la ciudad fueron destruidas por orden del gobierno en el siglo XVIII.

Puerta de la Aurora o del Alba (Aušros vartai)

En el siglo XVI, las puertas de la ciudad a menudo contenían artefactos religiosos destinados a proteger la ciudad de los ataques y bendecir a los viajeros.

La Capilla en la Puerta del Alba contiene un icono de la Santísima Virgen María, Madre de la Misericordia, de quien se dice que tiene poderes milagrosos.

Durante siglos, la imagen ha sido uno de los símbolos de la ciudad y un objeto de veneración para los habitantes católicos romanos, católicos griegos y ortodoxos orientales.

Miles de exvotos adornan las paredes y muchos peregrinos de los países vecinos acuden a rezar frente al cuadro. Las misas se llevan a cabo en lituano y polaco.

Puerta de la Aurora o del Alba (Aušros vartai)

Desde aquí nos fuimos dando un paseo hasta la Sinagoga Coral (Choralinė sinagoga), la única sinagoga de Vilnius que queda en uso. El resto de las más de 100 sinagogas que existían antes de la 2ª Guerra Mundial fueron destruidas por los nazis y por los soviéticos tras la ocupación del país. Fue construida en 1903 en estilo románico-árabe.

Durante la ocupación de la Unión Soviética la sinagoga fue nacionalizada y convertida en una fábrica de metal, por lo que sufrió daños considerables. Fue restaurada en 2010.

Sinagoga Coral (Choralinė sinagoga)

Seguimos dando un paseo y decidimos cenar temprano ya que teníamos que madrugar al día siguiente.

Decidimos tirarnos el pisto y cenar en el restaurante del hotel que, por lo que habíamos leído, era uno de los mejores de la ciudad.

Se llamaba Medininkai y comimos bien no, lo siguiente. Comida típica lituana que nos costó caro para ser Lituania: 95 Lt (27.50€). Una de las anecdotas es que aquí probé la mejor cerveza que he tomado nunca y sigue vigente a día de hoy: Švyturys Baltas.

31 de julio

Hoy toca excursión. Nos vamos a Trakai. Para ello nos vamos a la estación de bus de Vilnius junto a la estación de tren.

Entramos a la estación y localizamos el bus a Trakai. Un muy viejo vehículo que se estaba cayendo a pedazos.

Lo mejor de todo es que, esperando a que lo abrieran, había un señor dentro que aparentaba no menos de 90 años comiéndose un bocata. Termina de comer, se acerca al volante y saca de debajo su botella de vodka de la que se mete un buen ligotazo (eran las 9 de la mañana). La cierra, la guarda y se sienta al volante.

Viendo nuestra cara de acojone total, un tipo que pasaba por allí nos pregunta que a donde vamos. Bien, por suerte no era nuestro bus. El nuestro era un microbus bastante más moderno. Eso si, el conductor iba a toda pastilla y picándole las luces a coches de gama alta para que se apartaran. Pasamos un miedo terrible.

El billete nos costó 6 Lt (1.70€) y el trayecto dura unos 40 minutos.

Trakai es una ciudad histórica situada a 28 km de Vilnius con una población de apenas 6.000 habitantes. Destaca por sus más de 200 lagos y por su imponente castillo medieval, que es lo que vinimos a visitar.

Trakai

Nos bajamos en la estación de bus aún con el susto en el cuerpo debido a la terrible conducción del chofer y nos encaminamos dando un paseo hacia el castillo.

De camino, con el tremendo calor que hacía y la sed que llevábamos, decidimos comprar algo fresco en una licorería. Las neveras con los refrescos clásicos estaban apagadas así que nos fuimos a los raros. Compré una lata con una pera dibujada que estaba bien fría. La abro y le meto un lingotazo de casi media lata (de medio litro). Resultó ser sidra. Estaba muy bueno pero con tremendo buchazo se me empezó a subir a la cabeza…

El Castillo de Trakai (Trakų salos pilis) se encuentra situado en una isla en el lago Galvė (Galvės ežeras) y se empezó a construir en el siglo XIV por el Duque de Trakai y Gran Duque de Lituania Kęstutis.

Castillo de Trakai (Trakų salos pilis)

Sufrió importantes daños durante el ataque de los caballeros teutónicos en 1377. En 1409 se terminó la reconstrucción y ampliación del castillo, por orden de Vitautas “el Grande”, hijo de Kęstutis. Pocos años después se hizo la última ampliación, añadiéndole  galerías de fuego, tres torres en las esquinas del castillo y ensanchándose el muro defensivo.

El gran duque Vitautas el Grande murió en el castillo sin ser coronado rey de Lituania en 1430. Para el siglo XVI con la pérdida de la función militar y la pérdida del papel de residencia, la importancia del Castillo de la Isla disminuyó y los Grandes Duques lo visitaron cada vez menos. En 1511 se convierte en prisión para nobles y en el siglo XVII, Trakai es saqueada e incendiada y el castillo es destruido.

En 1929 se inició una excavación en las ruinas del castillo y en 1951 se inicia su reconstrucción. Para el año 1962 se establece aquí el Museo de Historia de Trakai.

Castillo de Trakai (Trakų salos pilis)
Castillo de Trakai (Trakų salos pilis)
Castillo de Trakai (Trakų salos pilis)

La entrada al castillo nos costó 14 Lt (4€) y es uno de los lugares imprescindibles que ver en Lituania. Es realmente espectacular. Como apunte, la entrada en 2022 cuesta 12€.

A la salida del castillo, contratamos un paseo en barco por el lago con diferentes vistas del castillo. Nos costó 10 Lt (2.90€) e incluía una bebida. En mi caso una cervecita (de medio litro). Las 11.30 de la mañana y ya llevo un litro de alcohol en el cuerpo…

Trakai
Castillo de Trakai (Trakų salos pilis)
Castillo de Trakai (Trakų salos pilis)

Terminado el paseo, se hacía la hora de comer. Nos fuimos en busca de un restaurante muy famoso llamado Kybynlar. Es un restaurante de gastronomía Caraíta. El Caraísmo es una corriente religiosa del judaísmo y actualmente se encuentra una pequeña comunidad caraíta turca en Trakai, que llegaron en el siglo XIV cuando el Gran Duque Vytautas llegó a la península de Crimea y se trajo 383 familias caraítas a Lituania.

Comimos de maravilla y muy barato. De primero pedimos unas kibiniai, unas empanadas de cordero que estaban exquisitas y de las que encontrarás la receta aquí. De segundo una sopa Canach que estaba deliciosa.

Lo mejor llegó con el postre. Me pedí un café que tenía un pintón increible. Pues resultó que también tenía alcohol. Madre mía, en Trakai lleva alcohol hasta el agua.

Kybynlar
Kybynlar
Kybynlar

Después de comer dimos un paseo por la ciudad mientras enfilábamos la estación de bus. Pasamos por algunos edificios reseñables, como la Trakų kenesa. Kenesa es el nombre con el que se conocen los templos de los caraítas lituanos. Sólo se conservan dos kenesas en Lituania, la de Trakai y la de Vilnius.

Trakai
Trakų kenesa

Tomamos el bus de vuelta a las 17.35. Nos costó algo más caro, 6.80 Lt .

Encuentra las mejores actividades y tours en Trakai de la mano de Civitatis.

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Ya en Vilnius nos fuimos directamente a visitar el muro defensivo del Bastión de Vilnius (Vilniaus gynybinės sienos bastėja).

El territorio de los castillos superior e inferior de Vilnius estaba bien fortificado desde tiempos antiguos. Cuando Vilnius comenzó a crecer en el siglo XV, el territorio de la ciudad se expandió y sus castillos no pudieron brindar suficiente protección a la gente del pueblo. Tanto una Rusia cada vez más centralizada como los constantes ataques tártaros presentaban amenazas tanto para Vilnius como para todo el Gran Ducado de Lituania.

En 1503, el Gran Duque Alejandro de Lituania satisfizo las solicitudes de los residentes de Vilnius de que se construyera un muro de defensa de piedra alrededor de la ciudad. Con el tiempo, muy probablemente a principios del siglo XVIII, una parte de la muralla también se convirtió en una estructura de defensa: un bastión que consiste en una torre, un espacio en forma de herradura para la artillería y un túnel que los conecta. Se cree que el edificio fue diseñado por el ingeniero militar Fryderyk Getkant.

Bastión de Vilnius (Vilniaus gynybinės sienos bastėja)
Bastión de Vilnius y las Tres Cruces (muy) al fondo.

El bastión y la muralla de defensa de la ciudad sufrieron daños considerables a mediados del siglo XVII, durante la guerra con Moscú. Habiendo perdido su función de defensa, el bastión se deterioró: su territorio se convirtió en un basurero y se enterraron antiguas trincheras y mampostería.

El análisis exhaustivo de este sitio comenzó en 1965, y durante las siguientes dos décadas, el bastión fue desenterrado y reconstruido. Hoy, el Bastión de Vilnius es el único edificio patrimonial de este tipo en Lituania. El museo contiene la historia de la defensa de Lituania.

Desde aquí tenemos unas vistas fantásticas de la iglesia de Santa Ana y las Tres Cruces.

Vilnius

Desde aquí nos dirigimos a Užupis. Éste es un barrio del centro histórico de Vilnius declarado Patrimonio de la humanidad por la UNESCO. El barrio es famoso por la cantidad de artistas que lo han habitado y aún lo habitan, tanto que ha sido comparado con Montmartre por su atmósfera bohemia, las numerosas galerías de arte, los talleres de artistas y cafés populares.

Užupis

En 1998, los residentes del área declararon la República de Užupis (Užupio Res Publika), con su propia bandera, moneda, presidente, constitución, y ejército (con la friolera de 17 miembros).

Anualmente se celebra la independencia en el Día de Užupis, el 1°de Abril. El actual Presidente de la República de Užupis, Romas Lileikis, es poeta, músico y director de cine; y el antiguo alcalde de Vilnius, Artūras Zuokas, vive en Užupis siendo un participante activo en los eventos relacionados con la República.

Están una mijilla colgados los lituanos…

Paseamos por el barrio, con pocos elementos reseñables aunque es un barrio bastante chulo para contemplarlo paseando. Quizá lo más destacado es Užupio angelas, el Ángel de Užupis, la estatua de un ángel tocando la trompeta instalada el 1 de abril (día de la independencia) de 2002 en memoria del animador y caricaturista Zenonas Šteinys. Se convirtió en un símbolo del renacimiento Užupis. Los fondos se recaudaron vendiendo copias en miniatura de la escultura.

Užupis

Anteriormente se había colocado temporalmente una escultura de un huevo que fue objeto de muchas anécdotas. Después de sustituirse por una escultura más grande, el huevo se vendió en una subasta por 10.200 Lt (aproximadamente 3.000€).

Damos un largo paseo por el barrio hasta el Cementerio Bernardino (Bernardinų kapinės), uno de los tres cementerios más antiguos de Vilnius. Cuenta con unos 38.000 m² y unos 14.000 enterramientos entre los que se encuentran los de numerosos ilustres lituanos.

Fue establecido en 1810 por los monjes Bernardinos de la Iglesia de San Francisco de Asís y su desarrollo fue consecuencia de que las autoridades zaristas del Imperio Ruso prohibieran enterrar a los muertos cerca de las iglesias. Los habitantes de Vilnius trasladaron el cementerio a lo que entonces eran las afueras de la ciudad.

Por desgracia llegamos tarde y ya estaba cerrado.

Užupis

Volviendo sobre nuestros pasos, junto al puente de acceso a Užupis, encontramos la Catedral Ortodoxa de la Theokos (Vilniaus Dievo Motinos Ėmimo į Dangų katedra), la sede episcopal del Metropolitano Cristiano Ortodoxo Oriental de Vilnius y toda Lituania.

La catedral fue construida durante el reinado del Gran Duque de Lituania Algirdas para su segunda esposa ortodoxa Uliana de Tver en 1346. Es una de las más antiguas de Vilnius, construida antes de la cristianización de Lituania cuando el Gran Ducado de Lituania era el último estado pagano de Europa.

En 1495 se celebró en la catedral el matrimonio entre el Gran Duque Aleksandras de Lituania y Elena de Moscú, hija de Iván III, en presencia de San Macario. Fue allí donde Helena fue enterrada en 1513.

Vilniaus Dievo Motinos Ėmimo į Dangų katedra

La catedral fue abandonada después de un gran incendio en 1748 y el edificio se utilizó para otros fines. Fue reconstruida en estilo barroco en 1785. La catedral fue nuevamente destruida por el ejército ruso durante el Levantamiento de Kościuszko.

En 1808, un prelado local vendió el edificio abandonado a la Universidad de Vilnius, tras lo que fue reconstruido completamente en 1822 en estilo neoclásico por el arquitecto polaco Karol Podczaszyński, también profesor de la Universidad de Vilnius. El edificio albergó un teatro anatómico, una biblioteca y otras instalaciones universitarias durante medio siglo.

Vilnius

La antigua catedral fue confiscada y transferida a la Iglesia Ortodoxa Rusa por iniciativa del conde Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov y su hermano durante la campaña de rusificación. El arquitecto ruso Nikolai Chagin fue el responsable de su reconstrucción desde 1865 hasta 1868 en un estilo que imitaba la arquitectura georgiana medieval.

La catedral sufrió severos daños durante la Seguna Guerra mundial y fue nuevamente restaurada entre 1948 y 1957.

Aquí damos por finalizada la primera parte del viaje. Al día siguiente por la mañana trasladamos el campamento a Klaipėda, en la costa del mar Báltico.

SIGUIENTE ENTRADA

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Gibraltar 2022: A walk around The Rock

Gibraltar

Well into 2022, we missed leaving Spain, since we hadn’t done so since the summer of 2020. For those of us who live in the south of Spain, the easiest thing is to move to Gibraltar, which, although many don’t like it, belongs to to the UK.

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located in the extreme south of the Iberian Peninsula, bordering Spain with La Línea de la Concepción, Province of Cádiz. It has an area of only 6.7 km². Its landscape stands out for the Rock. It is a rocky massif at whose feet is the urban area, with about 32,000 inhabitants.

Gibraltar
Gibraltar

In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession. The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 which became an important base for the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars and World War II as it controlled the narrow entrance and exit to the Mediterranean Sea.

The Strait of Gibraltar, just 14.3 km wide, separates Europe from Africa. This bottleneck remains strategically important, as half of the world’s seaborne trade passes through it. Gibraltar’s economy is largely based on tourism, online gambling, financial services and fuel supply.

Gibraltar’s sovereignty is a point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations, as Spain claims the territory. Gibraltarians overwhelmingly rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum and shared sovereignty in a 2002 referendum. However, Gibraltar maintains close economic and cultural links with Spain, with many Gibraltarians speaking Spanish, as well as a local dialect known as Llanito.

On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom and Gibraltar left the European Union. In December 2020, the UK and Spain agreed in principle on a basis on which the UK and the EU could negotiate terms for Gibraltar to participate in aspects of the Schengen Agreement.

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Gibraltar Travel diary

It is not the first time that we have visited Gibraltar but, this time, we were going to visit it in depth, with more time and a well-prepared trip.

February 25th

We leave Granada in our private vehicle after lunch. From our destination, La Línea de la Concepción, we are separated by 287 km.

We went straight to the hotel. We chose the Ohtels Campo de Gibraltar, a 4-star hotel that cost us €59 per night.

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Hotels in Gibraltar
Gibraltar

We left our things at the hotel and headed to Gibraltar for some dinner.

At that time, the border posts were almost closed. To enter we only showed our DNI to a Spanish policeman who was at the vehicle barrier. In the British area the same but inside the building.

We dined at a place in Casemates Square called Roy’s Fish & Chips where we ate… yes, fish & chips. It was pretty good considering it’s fried food and it wasn’t too expensive, £21.70 (€27.13).

Roy's Fish & Chips

After dinner we took a short walk down Main Street but since the area was half dead, we went back to the hotel to rest.

Main Street Gibraltar

We got up early to make the most of the day and we found ourselves in “Levante weather”, that is: rain and infernal wind… shitty weather. Even so, we did not lose heart and went to the border after breakfast in a cafeteria.

But first, as the weather was so bad, we decided not to climb to the top of the rock today, so we took a short detour visiting some of the bunkers in La Línea de la Concepción.

These bunkers were built at the beginning of World War II to fortify the surroundings of the Strait of Gibraltar, considering that Gibraltar would be the main objective of Germany to gain control of the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea.

Bunker la Linea de la Concepcion
Gibraltar

From here we went for a walk to the nearby ruins of Fort Santa Bárbara.

In 1730, the engineer Jorge Próspero de Verboom was commissioned by King Felipe V to design and build a military defensive fortification line around the English enclave of Gibraltar, in anticipation of future attacks from the rock. These fortifications are known as the Contravalación Line or Line of Gibraltar.

The Fort of Santa Bárbara had capacity for 24 pieces of artillery and a very high number of men, Grenadier Corps, Cavalry Corps with up to 40 men and Artillery Corps in addition to a group of men with the function of cleaning the earthen ditches . It also had 4 barracks for the troops.

The Contravalación Line was destroyed in 1810 by the British Corps of Sappers under the pretext of preventing it from falling into the hands of Napoleonic troops and with the authorization of the Spanish government, a circumstantial ally of the United Kingdom.

Fort of Santa Barbara

On the other side of the fort is a walkway-like wooden walkway for strolling along the shoreline. Too bad about the shitty weather.

Now yes, from here we took a windy ride to the border. Crossing it was something more serious than at night. In the Spanish part we had to go through some turnstiles that automatically checked your DNI or passport, although in the British part, the same checkpoint as the night before with a policeman basically greeting you.

One of the curiosities of Gibraltar is that, shortly after crossing the border, you will find the runway of the Gibraltarian airport, which you must cross. If a plane is expected to land or take off, the accesses are closed and traffic is stopped.

From the track we have a good view of the rock and the Moorish Castle, which we will talk about later.

Moorish Castle

From the border, you can make the journey to the center by bus. The price is £1.60 or €2.40 and the money must be exact, the driver does not give change.

If you want to walk it is approximately 20 minutes to Grand Casemates Square.

We entered Casemates Square through the Grand Casemates Gates.

Grand Casemates gate

Grand Casemates Square is the largest main square in all of Gibraltar and takes its name from the great Casemates built by the British, a casemate and bomb-proof barracks at the north end of the square which was completed in 1817. By the way, A casemate is a very resistant construction to install artillery pieces…

Until a few decades ago it was a car park but today it is a lively place where you can find numerous bars and restaurants where you can have a good time.

Grand Casemates Square

From here we go to Irish Town Street, a pedestrian street parallel to Main Street that runs from Cooperage Lane in the north to John Mackintosh Square in the south.

Irish Town Gibraltar

In its beginnings it was called Calle de Santa Ana in honor of a hermitage that bore this name on the corner of Market Lane. In 1581 the Mercedarian Fathers settled in Gibraltar and built their monastery around the small chapel, although the street kept its name.

In 1720 Lord Portmore handed it over to the Royal Navy who converted it into the Naval Warehouse with apartments for victualling clerks. The original building was destroyed during the Great Siege of Gibraltar (1779-1783).

Irish Town’s name dates back to the early 19th century, when Gibraltar was divided into different wards, although 95% of the ward’s population was Welsh.

But…, it’s a very normal street with nothing remarkable. Judge for yourself.

Irish Town Gibraltar

Almost at the end of Irish Town we found a building that caught our attention, the Old Police Station, the former central police station now converted into offices. It is a Victorian building built in 1864 by order of the then Governor of Gibraltar, General Sir William John Codrington K.C.B.

Old Police Station Gibraltar
Old Police Station

A little further on we come to John Mackintosh Square, the second largest main square in Gibraltar and the center of city life since the 14th century. In her they are the building of the city council and the parliament (and the office of tourism).

The square was originally the Plaza Mayor, when Gibraltar was under Spanish rule. Later it was called Gran Plaza and then Alameda. In the square were the hospital and chapel of La Santa Misericordia. In 1704, after the city was captured by an Anglo-Dutch fleet, the Holy Mercy hospital and chapel were converted by the British into a prison.

After the Great Siege (1779–1783), a colonnaded Georgian guardhouse was built on the south side of the square, the High Guard. After the brigade’s move to the new fire station at Victoria Battery in 1938, it became the Rates Office. Today the guardhouse houses the Gibraltar Heritage Trust.

In 1817, local merchants raised money to build a building to house the Library and an auction room, becoming the gathering place for merchants. In 1951, the building was remodeled to house the Legislative Council, which in 1969 became the House of Assembly. Since 2006, the building has housed the Parliament of Gibraltar.

John Mackintosh Square
Gibraltar Parliament

The town hall building was built by Aaron Cardozo in 1815 as a family residence. Between 1833 and 1839 it was leased to the Gibraltar Garrison Club, where they set up their headquarters. In 1839 it became the House Club Hotel until 1875, when Cardozo’s nephew sold the building to the Spanish businessman Pablo Larios (yes, from the Geneva family), who spent long periods in Gibraltar.

In 1920 the Gibraltar government bought it and handed it over to the newly constituted city council, making it the seat of the city council. Council meetings were held here until 1969, when it was merged with the Government.

John Mackintosh Square
Gibraltar Town Hall

Behind the town hall is the British War Memorial, the monument to the British soldiers who fell in the First World War, sculpted by José Piquet Catoli and inaugurated in 1923.

British War Memorial

It is located next to the King’s Bastion built in 1773 on the site of an Arab gate and the Platform of San Lorenzo, built in 1575. At the end of the 19th century it ceased to function as a defensive building and was converted into Gibraltar’s first power station in 1896.

In 2005 the power plant and all the additions were demolished, leaving the original building visible. Since 2008 it has been a leisure center where there is basically a huge bowling alley and little else.

King's Bastion
King’s Bastion
King's Bastion
King’s Bastion

We returned to Main Street, the main street of Gibraltar. It was established in the 14th century and confirmed with the construction of the African Gate (now called Southport Gates) in 1575, during the Spanish period.

Almost every building on Main Street was damaged during the Great Siege which, due to its proximity to the harbor, was easy to bomb.

Main Street is the city’s main business district. It runs north-south through the old town, which is pedestrianized and lined with buildings displaying a mix of Genoese, Portuguese, Andalusian, Moorish and British Regency styles.

gibraltar
Main Street

After Grand Casemates Square we find the Landport Gate, the first access gate to the walled city.

Landport Gate

We returned to Main Street to visit the most notable buildings, starting with the Cathedral of Saint Mary the Crowned. During the Muslim occupation a mosque was located in this place. After its expulsion by the Christians from Gibraltar in 1462 it was converted into a Catholic church.

Under the reign of the Spanish Catholic Monarchs, the building was demolished and a Gothic-style temple was built in its place. This was the only church that was not looted during the capture of the city by Anglo-Dutch troops in 1704, but it did suffer severe damage during the Great Siege (1779-1783).

Reconstruction was carried out in 1810 and the opportunity was also taken to widen Main Street. The clock tower was added in 1820 and in 1931 the restoration of the cathedral was carried out and the current west façade was erected to replace the poorer one built in 1810.

Cathedral of Saint Mary the Crowned
Cathedral of Saint Mary the Crowned

A little further on we find two noteworthy buildings, one opposite the other. The first is the Gibraltar Government building and offices of the Prime Minister.

Gibraltar Government building

The second is called The Convent. Its name comes from a Franciscan convent built in 1531 during the reign of Carlos I of Spain. After the capture of Gibraltar by the British, the Franciscans decided to stay, although for a short time.

In 1728 it became the official residence of the governor to this day. The present building is a reconstruction of the 18th and 19th centuries in the Georgian style with Victorian elements.

The Convent Gibraltar

Here we turned around and went in search of somewhere to eat. I vaguely remembered a pretty seedy Indian food place I visited in 2009. We found it, it’s called Kanh’s and it’s great and cheap.

With renewed energy we went for a walk towards the Pillars of Hercules. We had to take the bus because you don’t see everything you have to walk, 4 km practically uphill.

Anyway, we pass through some notable points, such as St Andrew’s Church or Church of Scotland, inaugurated in 1854. Although originally built to serve as a church for the garrison of Scottish soldiers based in Gibraltar, today it serves a larger Christian Reformed and Presbyterian community of all nationalities.

St Andrew's Church or Church of Scotland
St Andrew’s Church

We return to Main Street and head south. At the end of the street we come across the Southport Gates, one of the gates or, rather, three of the gates of the city. They are located in the Muralla de Charles V, one of Gibraltar’s 16th century fortifications. The first and second Southport Gates were built on present-day Trafalgar Road in 1552 and 1883, respectively. The third gate, Referendum Gate, is the widest of the three and was built in 1967 on Main Street, immediately west of the first two gates.

Southport Gate was originally known as the Gate of Africa and was built by the Italian engineer Giovanni Battista Calvi in 1552, under the reign of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

Southport Gates
Southport Gates

Across Southport Gates is Trafalgar Cemetery which was used for burials between 1798 and 1814, and subsequently fell into disuse. Its former name was Southport Ditch Cemetery and although its name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar, only two of those buried there died of injuries sustained during the battle. The rest of the bodies were thrown into the sea.

Trafalgar Cemetery

From here we begin to climb… to climb a lot along Europa Road passing through some points with beautiful views of the city and the Bay of Gibraltar.

After a long climb, we finally reached the entrance to the Peñón Nature Reserve. Next to it we can visit the Jew’s Gate Cemetery, the Oldest Jewish cemetery in Gibraltar, which was in use between 1746 and 1848.

Oldest Jewish cemetery

On the other side we find a viewpoint with magnificent views of Punta Europa, the southern tip of Gibraltar. And we also found the monument (cheap plastic) Pillars of Hercules.

Pillars of Hercules

According to the legend of mythological origin, the Pillars of Hercules referred in ancient times to the promontories that flank the Strait of Gibraltar, being the limit of the world known by the Greeks until, according to the Greek historian Herodotus, Coleus of Samos crossed it in around the seventh century before Christ.

The Pillars of Hercules were indeed a boundary between the exterior and interior of the Mediterranean basin and, until 1492, the existence of a continent further west of this sea was unknown, which is why the Columns have been related to the phrase Latin Non terrae plus ultra (“There is no land beyond”) and with Plus ultra (“Beyond”) in the 16th century, referring to Hispanic domains beyond this point.

Their oldest name that surely alludes to them comes from the Greeks, who called them Στῆλαι Ἡρακλήϊαι or Ἡρακλέων στηλέων “Stelae of Heracles” and that the Romans later called Columnas Herculis (Columns of Hercules).

It is said that the Rock of Gibraltar was the northern column and the southern column is in dispute between Mount Hacho in Ceuta (Spain) and Mount Musa in Morocco, both on continental Africa.

Here we rest for a while admiring the beautiful views before starting the descent. Sorry about the bad weather.

Since we are very stupid, we started walking. Once down in the city, we made a brief stop in Irish Town called The Clipper to have an English beer and we went straight to the hotel to rest.

That night, for dinner, we decided to look for a nearby place in La Línea de la Concepción. We did it in a very hipster place called El Barbas, which was really good. So good that we repeated the next night.

The next day due to the bad weather forecast, we decided to take a leap to visit the city of Cádiz, but we will leave that for another post.

February 28th

Last day of the trip and we got up with good weather so we decided to climb to the top of the Rock. For this we went for a walk to the Cablecar to climb to the top. It cost us £28 (€33.80) and included the one way trip and entrance to the Nature Reserve.

As a note, I must say that a species of macaque endemic only from here lives in the Rock, of which it is not very clear how they arrived. Well, just after leaving the cabin of the Cablecar, one of them jumped on a guy to rob him. Since he didn’t get anything, he decided to jump on me to gain momentum and pounce on my partner trying to open the zippers of the backpack looking for food… thief macaque. He kept trying until an employee ran out with a stick scaring him.

thieving monkey Gibraltar
Thieving monkey

From the station the views are already beginning to be spectacular. You can see the entire Bay of Gibraltar, La Línea, Gibraltar… all surrounded by thieving macaques.

Bay of Gibraltar
gibraltar
From a distance he had an angry face

We took a walk around the area around the Cablecar station and headed towards the Gibraltar Skywalk.

But just before it is the Barbary macaque feeding station, where they feed the robber macaques, where we can see beautiful views.

Barbary macaque feeding station
Barbary macaque feeding station

A little further on is the Skywalk, a glass-bottomed observation deck opened in 2018 by Luke Skywalker from Starwars. The bad thing is that that day it was closed for maintenance and we couldn’t access it.

Gibraltar Skywalk
Skywalk

From here we continue to the southern end of the Rock in search of O’Hara’s Battery. To get there you have to climb a piece of hill that leaves you breathless…

But it’s worth it. On clear days you can see the mountains of Morocco perfectly. It stands on the highest peak of the rock, at 421 meters and is named after the Governor of Gibraltar between 1795 and 1802, General Charles O’Hara.

Europa Point
O'Hara's Battery

After taking in the wonderful views, we begin our descent into Saint Michael’s Cave, a network of limestone caves. The cave has functioned as a theater since the 1960s thanks to its spectacular acoustics.

During the visit the lights vary, which does not allow you to enjoy the forms of the grotto in conditions and, in the theater they put on a light show called «The Awakening». Of course, it is very comfortable resting on the chairs.

Saint Michael's Cave

After the caves, we continue down, leaving Windsor Suspension Bridge aside, a suspension bridge that I didn’t think to cross (or see closely) due to vertigo. And a little further down, Apes Den (Monkey Den), where a bunch more robber macaques live.

Windsor Suspension Bridge

We continue down (a lot) until we reach Princess Caroline’s Battery, at the northern end of the Rock, where the Military Heritage Center is located. It is an artillery battery built in 1732 and is named after the third daughter of King George II. From here we can see beautiful views facing north of Gibraltar.

Bay of Gibraltar

A little further up a steep hill is The Great Siege Tunnels. It is a series of tunnels within the northern end of the Rock of Gibraltar. They were carved out of the solid limestone by the British during the Great Siege of Gibraltar in the late 18th century.

The Great Siege Tunnels
The Great Siege Tunnels

We retrace our steps and continue down, passing in front of the Lime Kiln, one of the two remaining lime kilns on the Rock, dating from the early 20th century and recently restored.

Next to it we find City Under Siege, an exhibition of life during the years around the Great Siege.

City Under Siege

A little further down we find the World War II Tunnels, built in case Spain, although officially neutral, sympathized with the German National Socialist and Italian Fascist regime, decided to give way to the German troops towards Gibraltar for total control of the Mediterranean Sea (and be able to claim the territory for Spain).

It is an immense network of tunnels that housed what was equivalent to an underground city in which they could be self-sufficient for 16 months, sheltering a garrison of 16,000 soldiers.

World War II Tunnels
World War II Tunnels

Near the exit is the Moorish Castle. It was built at the beginning of the 12th century after the Muslim invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. After the conquest of the territory by the Spanish between 1309 and 1333. After the recovery of Gibraltar by the Arabs in 1333, Abu’l Hassan had the keep rebuilt.

Here, a Spanish governor resisted for five months the Duke of Medina Sidonia, who seized Gibraltar from his own sovereign, Queen Elizabeth of Spain. The lower castle originally extended to Casemates Square, the Grand Battery area, and the Old Mole. The courtyard of the Castillo de los Moros served as a prison until 2010.

Moorish Castle

Here we end the tourist visit. We went down to the city and, since it was very late, we decided to eat at the pub where we had had our beer the day before, The Clipper, which did not close the kitchen. We ate really well and relatively cheap: £2‎4.70 (€29.50).

Yes now. We went to the hotel to pick up our things and to the house to rest.
Once again, it was worth visiting Gibraltar. It is a place that I love and that I will surely visit again.

Here you can see a map with the sites visited on the trip:

Find the best activities and tours in Gibraltar with Civitatis.

What to do in Gibraltar

Find out more in our travel diaries.

Hauts-de-France – Belgium – Normandie – Paris

We continue our visit to France. Today we are going to the north of the country.

July 24

Today we are going to Lille where a friend is waiting for us to spend several days touring the north of the country. At 11.46 we take the TGV that leaves from the Paris Nord station. An hour later we arrived at the Lille station.

Lille is the capital of the Upper France region. It developed economically in the 1990s thanks to the construction of the Euralille business district and the arrival of the High Speed ​​Trains and the Eurostar.

The area was already inhabited around 2,000 BC. for the remains found on the banks of the Deûle river. After the Roman conquest of Gaul, the settlements on the Deûle River grew, although what is now Lille was nothing more than a scattered group of population centers linked by secondary roads. At the end of the V century a. C., a nucleus located on the eastern bank of the river began to grow slowly, being the densest of all the surrounding populations.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the location on the eastern bank of the Deûle gradually brought together the surrounding inhabited areas. The origin of the city of Lille is narrated by the medieval legend of “Lydéric and Phinaert”. This legend tells that Lydéric was the son of Salvaert and Ermengaert, princes of Dijon. When these went to England to father their future son, they were arrested by Phinaert, giant and lord of the lands of present-day Lille, who also executed Salvaert. Ermengaert was able to flee and, before she died, she gave birth to Lydéric, who had to be raised with a hermit, fleeing from the giant. When Lydéric grew up, he murdered Phinaert in revenge for the death of his parents, and received the giant’s lands, where he founded in 640 the city of L’Ile, from which according to legend Lille derives its name.

We go to the hotel to check in. We chose the Citadines City Center, next to the train station. A small apartment with a kitchen. It was very good and it cost us €64 per night.

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Hotels in France

From here we went to eat and then to take a walk around the city. We ate at a place called L’Estaminet Gantois. It was very tasty and not overly expensive.

We walked around the Grand’Place, also called Place du Général de Gaulle, who was a native of Lille. It is the main meeting point for the residents of Lille, the square dates back to the origins of the city, around the year 1066, at the crossroads of the main fairs between North and South. Dedicated to trade, of which the Old Stock Market (Vieille Bourse de Lille) remains the most representative symbol.

Vieille Bourse de Lille
Vieille Bourse de Lille

It is dominated by four women: the Goddess at its center commemorating the siege of Lille by the Austrians in 1792, and the three women who crown the Voix du Nord building. These three graces represent the three provinces of the region: Artois, Flanders and Hainaut.

The Old Stock Exchange (Vieille Bourse) built between 1652 and 1653 by Julien Destrée, is considered the most beautiful monument in the city. The truth is that the building is quite spectacular. In the inner courtyard there are many stalls selling used books.

Lille
Vieille Bourse de Lille.

Behind the Grand Place, crossing the Vieille Bourse, we arrive at the Place du Théâtre. The square owes its name to the old theater that bordered the square and was lost during a fire in 1903. The current Lille Opera was built in its place.

The history of the Place du Théâtre is closely linked to that of the Place du Général de Gaulle (Grand Place) until 1652, the date of the creation of the Bourse du Commerce, called “Vieille Bourse”. Before the construction of the commercial interchange, “Vieille Bourse”, the two places formed only one.

Lille opera
Lille Opera

Next to the opera is the Beffroi de la Chambre de Commerce de Lille, the new Chamber of Commerce. It was built in 1921 in a neo-regionalist style, inspired by the Flemish architecture of the 17th and 18th centuries, to replace the Old Stock Exchange, which had become too small. Its bell tower, 76 meters high, has a chime with 25 bells, from which comes the music of P’tit Quinquin, which is performed every noon.

Lille
Beffroi de la Chambre de Commerce de Lille

A five-minute walk from the Place du Théâtre is the Notre-Dame-de-la-Treille Cathedral. Built between 1854 and 1999 in the neo-Gothic style, it stands on the site of the old motte castrale, on which the Saint-Nicolas bell tower still stands.

Lille
Notre-Dame-de-la-Treille Cathedral.

The cathedral inside is impressive, with beautiful mosaics on the floor. You have to visit it, and it’s also free.

After visiting the interior of the cathedral, we decided to have a snack at a nearby place called Pâtisserie Méert. An impressive looking place with some really good sweets. Although it is quite expensive but, this is a special occasion.

Pâtisserie Méert

After replenishing (unnecessarily) strength, we went to the Citadel of Lille. Designed and built by Vauban between 1667 and 1670, it symbolizes the conquest of the city by Louis XIV who ordered its construction to consolidate the defense of the Flanders border. With five bastions it forms a star-shaped defense, protecting a small inland city. The main gate still bears a Latin inscription in homage to Louis XIV, the Sun King.

Citadel of Lille
Porte Royale.

After visiting the citadel we went to rest a bit until dinner time. For dinner we made a reservation at a restaurant called La Bastide 48. A quite luxurious place but we had a very, very good dinner. After dinner a short walk and to sleep that the next day a long day awaited us.

If you want to get to know Lille well, you can always hire a beautiful tour of the city:

July 25

We get up very early and go to the rental office to get the car. We pick you up and leave for Ypres, 39 kilometers from Lille.

Ypres is a small city in northwestern Belgium in the Westhoek region in the province of West Flanders. Very prosperous city during the Middle Ages thanks to the textile industry. Sadly famous for being one of the most violent and long-lasting fronts of the First World War, 4 major battles took place in which almost 2 million soldiers on both sides died in less than four years. On the battlefields around Ypres, the Germans used poison gas for the first time on April 22, 1915 as chemical weapons.

Ypres
Ypres

Before arriving in Ypres we had a small problem and that is that the GPS took us over and over again to the same closed road and close to the Belgian border. Whatever we did, we got to the same point. With that there was no roaming (being paid…) there was no choice but to use the orientation and take a good detour, but we ended up arriving.

When we got out of the car, we realized that it was unexpectedly cold. It was so surprising that our companions had to go to a store to buy some jackets.

As soon as we parked, we headed to the Grote Markt. But first we passed by the Sint-Pieterskerk, a small Gothic-Romanesque church founded in 1073 by the Flemish Count Robrecht de Fries. In 1638 the tower burned down and was not rebuilt until 1868. During the First World War, the church, like the rest of Ypres, was completely destroyed.

Ypres
Sint-Pieterskerk

Continuing along the same street, we arrive at the Grote Markt. There we find the spectacular Lakenhalle building (cloth market). It is one of the largest civil buildings in Europe in the Gothic style. It was built between 1230 and 1304. The 70 meter high bell tower was built from 1250 as a sign of the power of the bourgeoisie. On the east side, the Gulden Halleke was built against the hall complex in 1360, replaced in 1620 by the Nieuwerck.

Lakenhalle Ypres
Lakenhalle

The building was completely destroyed during the First World War and later rebuilt. The restored cloth room was completed in 1967. The architects, including Jules Coomans, opted for a faithful reconstruction of the pre-war situation. At the bottom of the cloth walkways, the original stones are still visible, these are the largest. The higher you go, the smaller the stones become.

The building is truly spectacular, it is hard to believe that it is in such a small city. In the building we can find the tourist office and the In Flanders Fields Museum, dedicated to the study of the First World War.

Lakenhalle Ypres
Lakenhalle

Behind the spectacular building is the Sint-Maartenskathedraal, the former St. Martin’s Cathedral. Built between 1230 and 1370, it replaced a small Romanesque church from the 10th century that stood on the site.

Ypres
Sint-Maartenskathedraal

Very close to the Grote Markt is the Menenpoort or Menin Gate, a city gate that was built by the British in 1927 on the east side of the city, as a “memorial to the disappeared”. Inside are engraved the names of the 54,896 names of British soldiers who disappeared during the First World War. The name refers to the city of Menen, a city that can be reached from the center of Ypres through the Menin Gate. The gate is one of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission’s memorials for the Missing.

Ypres
Menenpoort

Every day at 8 pm the “last message” is held in memory of the fallen.

As it was already lunch time, we set out to find an open place. For this we returned to the Lakenhalle area. On the way we passed the Ypres War Victims Monument, dedicated to the 155 civilian and military victims of Ypres who died in the First World War. There are also 21 names on two plaques dedicated to later victims who died during World War II when Ypres was occupied by German forces between 1940 and 1945.

Ypres
Ypres War Victims Monument

We ate at a place called ;t Ganzeke is really called that, I haven’t accidentally touched too many letters), a huge restaurant and it was almost full. We ate very well and it was not too expensive.

With renewed strength we got back in the car and drove to Mont Saint Eloi (80km) to visit the ruins of its abbey.

Saint Eloi Abbey was founded on the top of the hill in 1066 by the Bishop of Arras, Lietbertus, and had already served as a place of worship centuries before. The entire abbey was completely renovated in the classicist style between 1733 and 1765. After the French Revolution it was sold and the buyer demolished the buildings for building materials. Today only two towers remain, which have been protected since 1836.

Saint Eloi Abbey
Saint Eloi Abbey
Saint Eloi Abbey

From here we went to Le Flambeau de la Paix (the Torch Of Peace) in Neuville-Saint-Vaast 4km away. It is a monumental hand rising from the ground with a torch and symbolizes rebirth after the turmoil of the Great War of Neuville-Saint-Vaast. Occupied and heavily fortified by the Germans since October 1914, this city was taken by French troops in 1915, house after house, after two weeks of furious fighting that cost the lives of more than 5,000 men and left only ruins. The monument is located directly opposite the military museum.

Le Flambeau de la Paix (the Torch Of Peace) in Neuville-Saint-Vaast
Le Flambeau de la Paix

Then we went to the Nécropole Nationale de Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, 8km away. It is a military cemetery and monument inaugurated in 1925 and almost 45,000 French combatants rest there, of which 20,000 are in individual graves, who lost their lives on the front between October 1914 and September 1915. With 25 hectares of surface, It is the largest military necropolis in France.

Nécropole Nationale de Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
Nécropole Nationale de Notre-Dame-de-Lorette

The enclosure is really overwhelming. That large area full of crosses… It makes my hair stand on end just remembering it.

Directly opposite, on November 11, 2014, on the centenary of the Great War, an international monument is inaugurated with the names of 600,000 soldiers who fell on the ground of the North and Pas-de-Calais between 1914 and 1918 called Anneau de la Mémoire (Memory Ring).

Anneau de la Mémoire (Memory Ring)
Anneau de la Mémoire

After the overwhelming visit, we returned to the car to go to Arras, 15km away, which is where we were going to spend the night. But on the way we stopped for a moment at the Cabaret-Rouge British Cemetery. Its curious name comes from a small cafe that was located here and was destroyed during the bombing of 1915. In addition to giving its name to this sector, it also gave it to a communication trench that brought the troops to the front line. Commonwealth soldiers began burying their fallen comrades here in March 1916. Buried here are 6,725 British soldiers, 749 Canadians, 116 Australians, 7 New Zealanders, 43 South Africans, 15 Indians and 4 Germans.

Cabaret-Rouge British Cemetery
Cabaret-Rouge British Cemetery

From here we went straight to Arras, the historical and administrative capital of the Pas-de-Calais department. Existing since the Gallic period when the Atrebates settled in Artois, its development began when the Romans conquered the region in 56 BC. Although it is known that there were already Neanderthals inhabiting the area 200,000 years ago.

Arras is known for its two magnificent baroque squares that form a unique architectural ensemble in the world, its bell tower and its Citadel, both classified as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. With 225 buildings listed as historic monuments, Arras is the city with the highest density of monuments in France.

We left our things at the hotel, choosing the ibis Arras Center Les Places, located in the heart of the city between Place des Héros and Grand Place. The room was tiny but well set up and relatively cheap.

We immediately went to visit the city. We start with the Place des Héros located in the center of Arras, between the town hall with its municipal bell tower and the rue de la Taillerie that connects it with the Grand Place. Formerly known as Petite Place, it was renamed Place des Héros in 1945 as a tribute to the city’s resistance fighters who were killed during World War II.

On the square is the Hôtel de Ville d’Arras, the city hall. Its construction began in the year 1501. The building was destroyed during the First World War and was rebuilt exactly the same. Its spectacular 75-meter-high bell tower stands out.

Arras
Arras
Hôtel de Ville d’Arras

Nearby is the flamboyant Gothic Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste d’Arras, built in 1920 to replace the 16th-century church on the site, which was destroyed during the First World War.

Arras
Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste d’Arras.

At dinner time, we entered a site that I had seen on the internet. It’s called L’Ami Bidasse’, tucked away in a basement on Rue de la Taillerie, it serves French food at a great price.

After dinner we took a last stroll through the Place des Héros and went to sleep so we could get up early.

July 26

Today, for personal reasons we had to cancel the plan for the day. We had to run to Brussels to take our friends to the airport who had to go back to Spain.

On the way back to Lille, as it was on the way, we decided to visit Ghent. When we were in Belgium we couldn’t visit it due to lack of time. But first, as it was getting too late to eat, we decided to stop at a town halfway called Ternat. We made quite a discovery, a place whose name I can’t remember and I can’t find on google maps, so I don’t know if it’s still open, where we ate an exquisite hamburger. The gentleman who attended us, who seemed to be the owner, managed to explain to us by signs that he only spoke Dutch and the menu was only in that language, but in Belgium at 3 in the afternoon it had to be whatever it was. So we point a finger at a random burger and PRIZE! It was brutal. The man, not to speak the same language, was really nice and friendly.

With a full stomach, we set off again for Ghent.

As soon as we parked, we went in search of a coffee to see if it was less bad than in France and yes, it was quite good. We had it at a place called the Vooruit cafe, in a really cool building called the Vooruit, which is an event room.

Ghent is the capital of the Belgian province of East Flanders. It arose from the Celtic residential areas in the area of the confluence of the Leie and the Scheldt. In the Middle Ages, fueled by a thriving woolen industry, Ghent became one of the largest cities in Europe.

Ghent

On those days there must have been some music festival since there were stages all over the city where there were groups playing music of various styles.

Walking we reach the Sint-Baafskathedraal, the Cathedral of Saint Bavo. It was originally a parish church dedicated to John the Baptist. In 942, Transmar, the Bishop of Tournai, consecrated the church as the Church of Saint John of which only the crypt remains today. The construction of the current one was carried out in three phases from the 12th century until its completion with the construction of the nave from 1533.

When we visited the city was completely covered by restoration. a pity

A little further on is Het Belfort van Gent, the Belfry of Ghent, a large bell tower dating from the 14th century. At 95 meters high, it is part of the emblematic “Three Torens” (three towers) of the historic center of Ghent, together with the towers of the Sint-Baafskathedraal (Saint Bavo’s Cathedral) and the Sint-Niklaaskerk (Saint Nicholas Church).

Ghent
Het Belfort van Gent.

Opposite Het Belfort van Gent is the Sint-Niklaaskerk (Church of Saint Nicholas). Built between the 13th and 15th centuries to replace the old Romanesque church, this Scheldt Gothic church is one of the oldest buildings in the city.

Ghent
Sint-Niklaaskerk with Het Belfort van Gent behind.

Nearby is the Sint-Michielsbrug (Saint Michael’s bridge) and next to it, the spectacular Oud Postgebouw, the old post office building, designed by the architect Louis Cloquet and built between 1900 and 1908. Since 1998 it was sold by post office, it has been converted into a shopping center on the ground floor and apartments on the top floor. They look cheap.

Crossing the bridge we arrive over the river Lys, we arrive at Sint-Michielskerk (St. Michael’s church). It was built between 1440 and 1825 in the late Gothic style.

Ghent
Sint-Michielskerk.

At this point we turned around and went to rest a bit enjoying the live music that was on a stage on the riverbank.

After the break, we made our way through the crowd. We crossed the river again, this time over the Grasbrug bridge and to reach the Groot Vleeshuis, a meat market that already exists in documents from the year 1251. The current building is a restoration for the 1913 world exhibition, identical to the existing building in 1744 The building is now used as a promotion center for regional products from East Flanders.

Ghent

Crossing the Vleeshuisbrug bridge we arrive at the Gravensteen, the Castle of the Counts of Ghent. Built in 1180 by order of Count Philip of Alsace to replace the previous castle that stood on the same site as this one, it is the only remaining medieval castle in Flanders with a nearly intact defense system.

Currently you can visit the guardhouse, the wall, the homage tower, the count’s residence and the stables. The entrance with audioguide costs 12€.

Ghent
Ghent

As it was getting late, we went for a walk towards the car. On the way we passed by the Stadhuis Gent, the city hall of Ghent. The façade on the Hoogpoort side shows the Flamboyant late Gothic of the early 16th century, which contrasts sharply with the Renaissance style of the Botermarkt façade. In this more recent wing (1559-1618) you can see three-quarter columns and Doric, Ionic and Corinthian pilasters, inspired by Italian palaces.

We get to the car and go to Lille (72km). The hotel was the same as the night before we spent in the city.

Find the best activities to do in Ghent with CIVITATIS:

What to do in Ghent

July 27

It’s time to get up early and get on the road, there’s a long way to go. The first stop: Mémorial Neuve Chapelle at 36km in the town of Richebourg. This monument pays tribute to the memory of the 10,000 Indian soldiers who died in France during the First World War, and particularly during the Battle of Neuve-Chapelle. It was inaugurated on October 7, 1927.

Mémorial Neuve Chapelle
Mémorial Neuve Chapelle

The next stop is the Mémorial national du Canada à Vimy at 27km. It is an impressive monument inaugurated on July 26, 1936 to honor the memory of the 66,000 Canadian soldiers who died during the First World War, especially the 11,285 in the Battle of Vimy Ridge in this very place. It is very shocking to see many fences with warning signs not to cross them since there are still unexploded mines and it can be dangerous. More than 100 years later.

Mémorial national du Canada à Vimy

Just opposite is the Monument to the Moroccan Division, much more modest than the previous one, to pay tribute to the Moroccan soldiers who lost their lives in the Great War.

Monument to the Moroccan Division

Very close, less than 1 km away is the Center d’accueil et d’éducation du Mémorial national du Canada à Vimy, a military museum and next to it, Part of the trenches of the First World War that are preserved. We can also see several craters from bombs dropped on the ground in the area.

From here we head south. We made a technical stop in Arras at 11km to eat a kebab and continue to Thiepval, at 37km to visit the Thiepval Memorial. It is a memorial dedicated to the Franco-British armies and the British soldiers who fell during the Battle of the Somne in the second half of 1916. It was inaugurated in 1932 in the presence of the President of the French Republic Albert Lebrun and the then Prince of Wales, the future Edward VIII. 72,244 names are currently registered in it. Bad luck wanted it to be under restoration and was partially covered by scaffolding.

Thiepval Memorial

A 10-minute drive away is Ulster Tower. Opened on November 19, 1921, it was one of the first memorials to be erected on the Western Front and pays tribute to all Ulster soldiers and especially those of the 36th Division who served in the Great War. It is inspired by the Tower of Helen found on the Clandeboye Estate, County Down in Northern Ireland.

Ulster Tower France

The tower was closed and it was not possible to access the interior, so we went 12 kilometers to visit the Mémorial national sud-africain du bois Delville, which looked good. It is a monument in the town of Longueval inaugurated in 1922 to honor the 3,150 soldiers who participated in the First World War, of whom 1,080 died in just 6 days (from July 14 to 20, 1916) in this place. There is also a museum chronicling South Africa’s involvement in the two world wars and various conflicts during the cold war.

Unfortunately it doesn’t open on Mondays so we couldn’t go in and it was one of the most interesting monuments to see. We settle for taking a picture of it in the distance.

Mémorial national sud-africain du bois Delville

Before starting the march to Caen, where we had the hotel, we decided to have a coffee in the village. The only place there was called Le Calypso II. A rather seedy place that serves as a gas station, cafeteria, tobacconist and post office. We were surprised that the coffee was the least dog we had on our entire trip and the place was seedy as hell. To go to the bathroom you went through the master’s house but, as the place was, it was surprisingly clean. The owner was very nice. We managed to understand him (thanks to the little french that my girlfriend remembers from studying it at the high school) that he was the grandson of a man from Zaragoza, I seem to remember that he was a Republican exiled after the Spanish Civil War. The truth is that, to know that we don’t speak French, he talked nonstop. In any case, it was a pleasant surprise.

After coffee and a pleasant chat, we started the march to Caen, from which 300 km separated us. We decided to take the toll road, which was about 20€ but we saved 1 hour of walking (3.15 instead of 4.19).

The hotel we chose is the ibis Caen Porte de Bretagne. Well located because, as we were only passing through, it was next to the highway.
We hired a great offer on the Ibis website, for 57€ we even had breakfast included. The room very well, in the style of all the Ibis in which we have stayed.
The problem was at the reception. To begin with, the girl at the reception only spoke French. I find it really serious that a receptionist from a prestigious chain like Accor does not know how to communicate in English. With that situation, the second problem was making him understand that we had breakfast included, which was free for an offer they had on the official website when making the reservation (two months before).
Everything was going to tell us that with the price we had paid it could not be that it was included. Giving it as impossible we decided to go to dinner. On the way back from dinner there was another guy who did speak English, but the same problem. With that price there is no breakfast (give it the happy price). He already gave up when we showed him all the reservation details directly from the Accor website. We were finally able to have breakfast the next day after nearly two hours of arguing.

July 28

Today we get up early again. We went down to breakfast with the uncertainty to see if they had fixed yesterday’s problem and, yes, it was fixed. We finished the simple buffet and set off for Bayeux, which separated us 28 kilometers.

Bayeux was founded in the 1st century BC. by the Bodiocases during the Roman Empire under the name of Augustodurum. In the year 890, the Vikings invade and destroy the city.

Bayeux is famous for its embroidered tapestries, especially the Bayeux Tapestry.

A masterpiece of Romanesque art from the 11th century, the Bayeux Tapestry, also known as the Queen Mathilde Tapestry, is a gigantic embroidered tapestry 68 meters long (you read that right), commissioned by Bishop Odon, half-brother of William, to adorn its new cathedral in 1077. It recounts the events of the conquest of England by the Duke of Normandy. The story begins in 1064, when the King of England, Edward the Confessor, orders his brother-in-law, Harold, to go to Normandy to propose to his cousin, William the Conqueror, the throne of England. The story ends, after many events, with Harold’s death in battle from an arrow in the eye and William the Conqueror named King of England in 1066 in Westminster Abbey.

We leave the car in a parking lot very close to the cathedral and we go to visit the city. The first thing we come across is the impressive Notre Dame de Bayeux Cathedral.

Bayeux

Notre Dame de Bayeux Cathedral, begun during the Romanesque era, was consecrated in 1077 by Bishop Odon de Conteville in the presence of his brother, William the Conqueror. After suffering significant damage in the 12th century, it was rebuilt between the 12th and 15th centuries, in different Gothic styles: Early Gothic, Radiant Gothic and Extravagant Gothic. Actually, most of the construction took place between the years 1230 and 1270.

The visit to the cathedral is free so we took the opportunity to enter. The interior is beautiful and the crypt is spectacular.

Bayeux
Bayeux
Bayeux

On leaving the cathedral, we went to visit perhaps the most representative image of Bayeux: the mill.

Bayeux

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We continued walking around the wonderful old part of the city and got back in the car to go to our next destination: the Batterie de Longues-sur-Mer, 8 km away.

The German Battery is the main work of the Atlantic Wall. The Longues-sur-Mer battery remains one of the most spectacular sites in the Normandy landing beach sector with its four casemates that still house the cannons. Originally, it played a strategic role on June 6, 1944.

Normandie

From here, we continue to the Normandy American Cemetery, 15 km. We park in the huge cemetery parking lot and first of all approach the coastline, from where there are impressive views of Omaha Beach, the main point of the Normandy landings on June 6, 1944.

omaha beach
Omaha Beach.

The American Cemetery, which is also a monument, is located in Colleville-sur-Mer, on the site of the St. Laurent Temporary American Cemetery, established by the First United States Army on June 8, 1944, as the first American cemetery on European soil. It contains the graves of 9,385 US servicemen, most of whom lost their lives in the D-Day landings and subsequent operations.

On the walls of the disappeared, in a semicircular garden on the east side of the monument, 1,557 names are inscribed. Rosettes mark the names of those who were recovered and identified.

Normandy American Cemetery

Despite the number of people there, the venue is overwhelming. Such a huge expanse with so many tombs. Is awesome.

Overwhelmed, we returned to the car and drove to the Crisbecq Battery, 60 km away. Crisbecq Battery (sometimes called Marcouf Battery) was a World War II German artillery battery built by the Organization Todt near the French town of Saint-Marcouf and formed part of Nazi Germany’s Atlantic Wall coastal fortifications. The main armament was three 21 cm Czech Kanone 39 guns, two of which were housed in heavily fortified casemates up to 3 thick in concrete. The battery, with a range of 27 to 33 kilometers, could cover the beaches between Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue and Pointe du Hoc.

The place was completely abandoned after the war until in 2004, two history buffs bought the land, restored it and opened it as a museum. Admission is 7€ (2015) and it is quite well put together to be done by amateurs.

Crisbecq Battery
Crisbecq Battery

After visiting the museum we ran to Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue 17 km away, to visit the Ile Tatihou, a small island of only 29 hectares in front of the city. The island contains the Fort Vauban built in 1694 and since 2008 it has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage. Unfortunately we arrived too late and narrowly missed the last amphibious vehicle that takes you to the island, so we had to settle for photographing it from afar.

Ile Tatihou

We decided to set off for our new destination: Rouen, 240 km away. There we took the hotel night because it was too close to Paris to leave the car because I had no desire to enter the capital with the car. We took the toll road because we saved more than an hour of travel for the 9€ it cost.

After looking around for the hotel a few times, we finally found it. We chose the Rouen Saint Server, a small hotel very central and for only €40 per night. We checked in and went to dinner. Looking for a place, we realized that the city looked very nice. The idea was to leave very early for Paris but we decided to spend the morning in Rouen. Walking around we found a small (very small) pizzeria with good looks and good prices: pizzeria de la cathédrale. We were not disappointed. Huge homemade pizza for €7 in the heart of the city.

After dinner, from which we had a good piece of pizza left over and we took it to the hotel for breakfast, we went to rest and plan the next day in the city.

July 29

Today we get up early to enjoy Rouen before going to Paris.

Rouen

Rouen is the administrative capital of Normandy and is crossed by the Seine River. It is known as the city of a hundred bell towers and for being the place of the martyrdom of Joan of Arc in 1431, where she was burned at the stake in the Vieux Marché square.

The first thing was to take a walk through the beautiful old town until reaching Place Barthélémy, where the Église catholique Saint-Maclou is located, an impressive Gothic church built between 1437 and 1517 by the architect Jacques-Eugène Barthélémy. The church is considered by art historians to be a jewel of extravagant Gothic art.

Rouen

Here we sat down for breakfast in a small cafeteria called Antico Caffe, a very bad coffee (of course) but a croissant that was… it’s the most delicious croissant I’ve ever tasted. A dry stick, without filling or anything… spectacular. Of course, the price was just as spectacular (expensive), but it’s worth it.

After gaining strength, we went to the nearby Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Rouen, a spectacular Gothic building built in the mid-12th century. It was in the archbishop’s palace of Rouen, in the Gothic style, contemporary to the cathedral, where the second trial of Joan of Arc took place. In this cathedral is where the heart of King Richard I of England is buried.

Rouen
Rouen

During the 1890s, the famous painter Claude Monet painted a series of 30 paintings depicting the cathedral at different times of the day and the seasons.

We continue walking through the center, which is really beautiful. We do not regret having thought better of staying to visit the city instead of going to Paris early.

Rouen

Walking on foot, we reach the Gros-Horloge, a Renaissance pavilion that extends along the street with a low arch. On the Renaissance double dial, the single hand points to the time.

Returning to the car, we finally passed the Place du Général de Gaulle, where the town hall is located and, next to it, Abbatiale Saint-Ouen. Opposite the square is an equestrian statue of Napoleon I.

Rouen

Hôtel de ville de Rouen (town hall), is the former abbey of Saint-Ouen, in the building of the former monks’ dormitories. The abbey was abandoned in 1790 and from 1800 the new town hall was installed here.

Next to the town hall is the abbey church. Founded around 750, the Abbey of Saint-Ouen was one of the most powerful Benedictine monasteries in Normandy. After the French Revolution, the yauntamiento moved to the former monks’ dormitory, a beautiful classical building from the mid-18th century. The abbey church, which many visitors take for the cathedral due to its majestic proportions, is located within the former convent gardens.

Rouen
Rouen

Now we went to the hotel to get the things to pick up the car and leave it at the rental office, at the train station in the city. We take the train at 12.59. The ticket cost us €10 per head. At 2:10 p.m. we arrived at Saint Lazare station. We went directly to the hotel, the Hôtel ibis Paris Gare du Nord Château Landon 10ème, next to the Gare du Nord, which was where the next morning we took the train to the airport. The hotel is quite good, in line with all the ibis, a small but comfortable room for 70€ a night.

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We left our things at the hotel and went to the Église Saint-Sulpice. To get there we took metro line 4 to the Odéon station. Built in the 17th century, on foundations from the 12th century, the Saint-Sulpice church is one of the largest in Paris. Inside you can admire the chapel of the Virgin with a statue of Jean-Baptiste Pigalle, the sacristy and the Louis XV-style woodwork, the mural paintings by Eugène Delacroix and the great organ by Cavaillé-Coll. The church of Saint-Sulpice is one of the settings of the novel “The Da Vinci Code” by Down Brown (in my humble opinion, bad and simple to say enough. Good to invest in advertising).

Paris

In front of the church, on Place Saint-Sulpice, is the Fontaine Saint-Sulpice, also maliciously called the “fountain of the four cardinal points” because it is decorated with four statues of Catholic bishops, famous preachers from the time of Louis XIV , but who were never made cardinals. The fountain was erected between 1843 and 1848 by the architect Louis Visconti.

Paris

After visiting the church, we got on the metro line 12 to Place de la Concorde. From there we went towards L’église de la Madeleine. Passing first through the nearby Le Village Royal, a shopping arcade that I have no idea how they let us in. Stores like Chanel, Dior and stuff.

Paris

L’église de la Madeleine is located between Place de la Concorde and the Opera House, in the heart of Haussmanian Paris. Its construction lasted from 1764 to 1842. Its aspect of a Greek temple, without a cross or a bell tower, is very atypical in the area of religious architecture. Napoleon wanted this church to be a pantheon to the glory of his armies.

Paris

From here we went for a long walk to the Champs de Mars, to say goodbye to the Eiffel Tower. And early to sleep that you had to get up early, not much, very much.

July 30

Impressive morning. He had to go back to Spain. At 6.15 in the morning we left with the RER B to Charles de Gaulle airport. You had to go with time because it is gigantic. About 40 minutes later we got off at Terminal 2 station. From there we walked a long way to a shuttle bus that took us to our tiny terminal, 2G. Something happened to me at the control that had never happened to me or happened again until we returned to France in 2020. My girlfriend passed calmly and when I went to pass, asking if I had liquids, I took out the two toiletry bags full to the top. The boy’s face was a poem and he even called someone else to lend us a hand to put them in little bags. Of shame… Now yes, never again.

Almost two hours late, around 10:30 (instead of 8:35) we left for Bilbao airport where we landed an hour and a half later.

Review of the trip

Paris… the city of love… The truth is that I expected more, I guess because of the expectations I had after being one of the most famous and visited cities in the world. Still, it’s a beautiful city… and expensive. I was very surprised by the friendliness of the Parisians, which I did not expect as they do not have a good reputation.

The north of France really enchanted me. Beautiful landscapes, with charming medieval villages. A kind and charming people and a quite turbulent recent history but that particularly attracts me a lot. oh! and a superb beer…

The worst… the coffee. In my later trips I would confirm that it is the general trend in France. The hottest coffee I’ve ever had (and I’ve been to the US and Canada).

I recommend the excursions and, at the same time, I think I will repeat them. (And I repeated 5 years later).

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